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Consular affairs offices, off-site passport centers to resume operations Jan. 21

DFA.GOV.PH

CONSULAR AFFAIRS offices and off-site passport service centers that were temporarily closed due to coronavirus cases will resume operations on Jan. 21 to 26, the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) announced on Monday.

This includes consular offices in the National Capital Region, Antipolo, Angeles, Baguio, Dasmariñas, Iloilo, Lucena, Malolos, and San Pablo, and the DFA Office of Consular Affairs in Aseana Business Park, Parañaque City. 

Off-site passport centers that will reopen are those located in Newport Mall; Robinsons Las Piñas, Novaliches, San Pedro Laguna, and Robinsons Place Magnolia; SM Aura, Manila, Mall of Asia, and North Edsa. 

Consular offices in Dumaguete, Legazpi, Puerto Princesa, and Tacloban will begin operations on Jan. 24.

Passport applicants affected by the closures will receive details of their new appointment via email. Urgent and emergency cases may be addressed to relevant offices posted on the DFA’s website. — Alyssa Nicole O. Tan 

Delivery riders must be given social protection, says Pangilinan

DAVAO CIO

DELIVERY riders should be given proper social protection and government benefits, especially during a pandemic when they face extra health risks, a senator said on Monday.

“Their everyday travel in the streets is life-threatening,” Senator Francis “Kiko” N. Pangilinan, who is running for vice president, said in Filipino in a statement. 

“They are exposed to different kinds of sicknesses so they need protection. Riders should have PhilHealth, SSS (Social Security System), Pag-IBIG (Home Development Mutual Fund).” 

The senator said these service providers make an important contribution to the economy but have no labor protection, and get minimal benefits and small income. 

Mr. Pangilinan and Vice President Maria Leonor “Leni” G. Robredo, his standard-bearer, is backing the recommendation of the International Labor Organization to extend social protection coverage to workers in the informal sector, especially during the pandemic.

“We will use the legal means to look into this set-up and hiring practices, and see how we can strike a balance between keeping businesses sustainable and at the same time, giving the riders the benefit and protection due them,” he said. 

Having no employee-employer relationship, the Department of Labor and Employment had previously said that motorcycle riders do not enjoy job security as they are engaged in contracts of service.   

PROTECTION
Meanwhile, a bill providing protective measures to individuals engaged in food, grocery, and pharmacy delivery services was passed unanimously on third and final reading by the Senate on Monday. 

Senate Bill 2302 — which seeks to prohibit any food, grocery, and pharmacy delivery service provider to require riders or drivers to advance any monetary amount for the fulfillment of orders — was passed with 23 affirmative votes. 

In case of cancellation of confirmed orders, the service provider will still have to pay the delivery rider or driver the service fee due as if the transaction was successful. 

The service providers will be responsible for pursuing claims from customers who cancel. 

Under the proposed measure, service providers must also require their customers, prior to registration, to submit a valid proof of identity and residential address. Procedures for identity verification must also be implemented in accordance with Republic Act 10173 or the Data Privacy Act of 2012.

Companies that violate the proposed law’s provisions will be penalized with a maximum fine of P100,000 and revocation of license. — Alyssa Nicole O. Tan 

House approves 3 education bills on third and final reading

PHILSTAR

THE HOUSE of Representatives approved three measures relating to education on third and final reading on Monday, including one that aims to expand access to tertiary education. 

House Bill 10560 or the Universal Access to Tertiary Education seeks to expand the coverage of college and university subsidies to give more underprivileged students the opportunity to pursue higher studies.

Another proposed law that hurdled the lower chamber was House Bill 10555, the Free College Entrance Examinations Act, which would allow underprivileged high school graduates who are at the top of their class to take college entrance exams without paying the required fees.

House Bill 10561, the Enterprise-Based Education and Training Program Act, was approved with 203 votes. 

The measure seeks to establish a program focused on “practical work-related or workplace-related” skills, backed by theoretical instructions. 

It could be implemented by various institutions, including technical-vocational schools, private companies, industry organizations, and government agencies, among others. — Jaspearl Emerald G. Tan

Davao Oriental provincial gov’t says stoppage order issued to mining operation

THE MINING operations that is suspected to have caused siltation and discoloration in a river in Banaybanay town has been ordered to temporarily stop, the Davao Oriental provincial government announced Monday. 

“The Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) has ordered the immediate stoppage to a mining company’s operation that allegedly caused the recent siltation incident along the Pintatagan River and Maputi River in the municipality of Banaybanay, Davao Oriental,” the provincial government said in a statement.

It said Governor Nelson L. Dayanghirang received confirmation of the order from MGB Undersecretary Wilfredo G. Moncano early Monday. 

Quoting Mr. Moncano, the provincial government said the MGB central office has already “given instruction to its regional office to issue the Stoppage Order to the company to give way to a joint detailed investigation to find out the causes and the means to mitigate the damages.” 

The Davao regional offices of the MGB and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources did not immediately respond to a request for a separate confirmation.

Several residents used social media last Jan. 14 to raise alarm over the heavy siltation and discoloration along the Pintatagan and Maputi portions of the Mapagba River. 

Mr. Dayanghirang gave assurance that the government, while recognizing the economic contribution of mining, will not “allow these mining companies to operate recklessly and destroy the environment.” 

“Irresponsible mining is unacceptable.” — MSJ 

2 inmates escape from national penitentiary’s maximum security facility

PHILSTAR

AUTHORITIES are now tracking the two inmates who escaped early Monday morning from the national penitentiary’s maximum-security compound, with the Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) describing the fugitives as “armed and dangerous” in a public advisory. 

The escapees, identified as Arwin Villeza and Drakilou Yosores Falcon, are convicted of murder and homicide, according to BuCor.

Another prisoner who attempted escape, Pacifico V. Adlawan, 49, was caught after a firefight with the Muntinlupa Police squad. 

Three jail guards also suffered gunshot wounds and have been brought to a hospital for treatment. 

Justice Secretary Menardo I. Guevarra, in a Viber message to reporters, said he has directed the National Bureau of Investigation to probe the incident along with recent riots at the penitentiary known as New Bilibid Prison. 

“I will also recommend to the office of the president that disciplinary action be taken against BuCor officials who may be found guilty of gross neglect of duty,” Mr. Gueverra said. — John Victor D. Ordonez

Push for change: Towards a better future for all

FREEPIK

Let us take a quick look at our country’s current situation. We are still facing severe and multiple crises, including a health crisis, an economic crisis, an education crisis, an environmental crisis, and a social justice crisis. Given that 2022 is a critical election year for the country, we hope that “political and constitutional crisis” is not added to this already long list.

On the national election, I must say that whatever the outcome may be, we are prepared to work with the duly elected new administration and contribute to its development program for our people.

As we enter the third year of the ongoing pandemic, nearly 3 million COVID cases have been reported, with over 52,000 deaths. To date, only 48% of our population has been fully vaccinated, falling short of the 70% goal set for 2021. The current surge in infection rates is unfortunate, and it threatens to set back our country’s recovery. Any increase in mobility restrictions can cause undue hardship once more for the business sector and the workers who could lose their jobs.

As we all know, COVID infection concerns of customers and workers alike have affected businesses adversely, and many companies have closed down and gone bankrupt. The unemployment rate in 2022 is expected to range between 7% to 9% or roughly three times the pre-pandemic 2.2% in 2019.

The digital divide is keeping the poor out of the emerging digital economy. Children from low-income families have limited access to online education, further exacerbating the education crisis.

With a poverty rate of 17.5% in 2021, there could be up to 19 million poor Filipinos among us. At the same time, millions of Filipinos are still suffering from the devastation caused by Typhoon Odette, and these typhoon victims can attest to our current environmental crisis.

What do we do now? It is time for us not only to do more but also to be more. To be better. We should not be thinking of just going back to the pre-pandemic state of affairs in 2019. In fact, why should we return to the old normal? The pandemic has proved to be an excellent mirror for humanity, and us, highlighting the social and economic inequalities and systemic weaknesses that afflict our people. What we should be striving for right now is a new normal that is genuinely sustainable, resilient, equitable, inclusive, and beneficial for all.

MAP THEME FOR 2022
Based on these observations, our 2022 MAP (Management Association of the Philippines) Board has decided to adopt the theme, “Push for change: Towards a better future for all.”

Last year we did the “Great reset: Leading for the common good.” Building on our past gains, we move forward to push for change.

Our Board will, as is customary, collaborate closely with the various MAP committees, which constitute the lifeblood of our organization. We have made some adjustments to our committee configuration to be more effective. Certain related committees have been consolidated to achieve a more coordinated approach to multifaceted challenges and avoid fragmented solutions.

As a result, we now have just 22 committees, down from 26 last year. But this does not mean a reduction in committee leaders, as we have appointed additional co-chairs and vice-chairs to committees with broader mandates.

3 MAIN THRUSTS FOR 2022
In line with our MAP Theme for 2022, we are pursuing three major thrusts:

The first thrust: policy reform for economic dynamism

We will put together an agenda of policy imperatives and push for their adoption for sustained recovery and continuing progress, whether through executive or legislative action. In addition, we will advocate for good governance and the rule of law in the operation of and policy implementation by relevant public offices.

In the wake of the pandemic, the need for a conducive enabling environment for investment, foreign and domestic, becomes even more pressing. We must address the country’s energy security, resolve foreign ownership restrictions in critical industries, and improve the ease of doing business, to name just a few imperatives.

In addition, we must unleash private sector participation in infrastructure development to benefit from private sector capital, expertise, and efficiency. More broadly, I cannot overemphasize the need to have the private sector on board as an active and dynamic participant in our nation’s quest for sustained development and growth.

During the coming election campaign period, we in MAP will organize and participate in forums featuring the presidential, vice-presidential, and senatorial candidates. These forums will serve as a platform for raising our policy and governance concerns.

By mid-2022, we will invite newly elected and appointed national officials for policy dialogues as they take their positions following the national election. If possible, we will resume our practice of having in-person breakfast conversations with policymakers. Otherwise, we’ll meet virtually.

We shall take a proactive stance on national issues that directly and substantially impact business and/or other sectors of society. Of particular interest to us are management excellence and good governance concerns. We intend to issue public statements on our own as MAP or in collaboration with other like-minded business groups. For greater influence and leverage, concerted action is sometimes, if not often, required.

We have grouped the sector committees that constitute the cluster on Policy Reform for Economic Dynamism, the first of our three thematic thrusts. These committees are: Agribusiness; Diversity and Inclusion; Ease of Doing Business; Energy; Health; ICT; Tax; Trade, Investment, and Tourism; and, Infrastructure and Urban Development. The National Issues Committee will be part of and serve as the lead committee of this cluster. Please note that the new Infrastructure and Urban Development Committee consolidates three previously separate committees: Transportation, Water Security, and Urban Development.

We anticipate that the committees will stay vigilant and monitor developments in their respective sectors while conducting studies on policy agendas they intend to pursue with their counterparts in the government.

The second thrust: human development and well-being

Our workforce has been rendered uncompetitive for decades due to a persistent and pervasive education crisis. Apart from skills training, we need an education system that will produce critically thinking and socially responsible citizens. I’m sure you agree that responsible citizenship is necessary for a well-functioning democracy.

While the issue affects all levels of education in the country, I believe MAP should focus on the higher education sector, where academe-industry collaboration has been found effective, albeit not widely practiced. Such partnerships can improve curricula, augment faculty, provide apprenticeships for students, and facilitate collaborative research and innovation.

However, we are prepared to cooperate with other organizations to address the challenges in our basic education sector.

We intend to push for programs that will generate more graduates from STEM courses (science, technology, engineering, and math) and are ready for work, particularly in data analytics.

Let me tell you about the Agri-Aqua Innovation Challenge project, which we plan to support. The project is a 10-month national competition for startups and students. Its goal is to help students turn their technological ideas into actual products and services that will benefit farmers, fisherfolk, and the rest of our population. For this project, we will join the Department of Science and Technology and the Asian Institute of Management in a government-academe-industry partnership. MAP members will serve as mentors and sponsors to the competing teams.

We are also considering collaborations with educational and other institutions to implement strategic programs with long-term national impact. We are particularly interested in programs that address critical business and social concerns, such as cybersecurity, health, and responsible social media.

One other educational issue we intend to look into pertains to the training of our seafarers. While Filipinos dominate ship crewing globally, very few become captains and senior merchant marine officers, high-paying positions that can benefit their families and the country more.

The third thrust: shared prosperity and sustainability

In November 2020, MAP led a group of 26 business organizations in signing a Covenant for Shared Prosperity. This Covenant, in my view, has the potential to catalyze inclusive and sustainable development. We will assess the Covenant’s progress and consider renewing the signatories’ commitments. We will also make an effort to bring these commitments to a broader range of companies, including MSMEs, in addition to large corporations.

We will look into how Environmental, Social, and Governance metrics (ESG for short) can support the Covenant’s implementation. In this regard, we are discussing possible collaboration on an ESG Reporting project with the De La Salle University’s Animo Labs.

A new ESG Committee will lead our programs and projects under this third thrust. The Committee results from amalgamating three previously separate committees: Corporate Governance, Climate Crisis, and Social Justice.

The three thematic thrusts I have just discussed respond directly to the major concerns that our members expressed through an indicative survey conducted in November last year.

CONCLUSION
We have all witnessed how the ongoing pandemic has accelerated the implementation of technology solutions, like digital transformation. Changes that formerly took years and decades to materialize now happen in a matter of weeks. Indeed, every major crisis presents an opportunity. The larger and more disruptive a crisis, the more opportunities it offers, as New York University Professor of Marketing Scott Galloway highlights in his 2020 book Post Corona.

It appears that the timing could not be better for us to pursue policy reforms to improve the lives and well-being of Filipinos. It is also time to push for changing mindsets towards a more productive workforce and a more robust business commitment to environmental sustainability, social justice, and good governance.

I believe that each of us can contribute to the desired changes. The work may not be easy, but I assure you that end result will be well worth it.

This article is part of the Inaugural Speech of Alfredo “Fred” E. Pascual as the president of the Management Association of the Philippines or MAP for 2022.

 

Alfredo “Fred” E. Pascual is lead independent director of SM Investments Corp. and former president of the University of the Philippines.

map@map.org.ph

fred.pascual@map.org.ph

How power-to-X technology could help decarbonize Indonesia’s industrial sector

VECTORJUICE-FREEPIK

As one of the world’s leading economies, Indonesia has announced an ambitious plan to build a green industrial park in North Kalimantan.

Located in the northern part of Indonesian Borneo, the 30,000-hectare industrial area will focus on manufacturing environment-friendly products using low-emission processes and green energy sources.

This plan could provide the momentum needed to boost development of eco-friendly synthetic fuel and chemical industries through what’s called “power-to-X” (P2X) technology.

In Indonesia, the utilization of renewable energy has only focused on decarbonizing electricity generation. Through P2X technology, we can also use renewable energy to tackle challenges in high-emission sectors such as chemical industries and synthetic fuel development.

P2X is a technology to produce synthetic fuel and chemicals using renewable energy. The primary process of P2X is electrolysis: converting raw materials into products using electricity generated from renewable energy.

This process can include:

• water electrolysis to produce hydrogen

• carbon dioxide electrolysis to produce synthetic gas (syngas) and hydrocarbons (compounds that are typically derived from petroleum oil and gas)

• electrolysis of nitrogen from air into ammonia (raw material for batteries and fertilizer)

• electrolysis of oxygen from the air into hydrogen peroxide disinfectants.

Hydrogen production is among the core P2X processes. Hydrogen can be used as an alternative source of clean energy and industrial feedstock for fertilizer manufacturing.

Through P2X, “green hydrogen” could also help reduce our reliance on “black hydrogen” — which is produced from fossil fuels. We can suppress carbon emissions from black hydrogen production by 830 million tons of carbon dioxide per year.

P2X could also accelerate a green transition in heavy industries that still rely on fossil energy (for example, cement manufacturers) through carbon capture technology. Captured carbon dioxide can be transformed into synthetic gas, formic acid (for the rubber industry), methanol and ethanol (alternative fuels) via electrolysis.

The government’s plan to build a hydropower plant in the Kayan River will be an important stepping stone for P2X technology in the North Kalimantan industrial park. Construction has just started in December 2021 and the plant is expected to be operating in 2025.

But such plants generally require enormous areas of land. Thus, their construction has significant impacts on the environment and local communities. Several parties are raising concerns about possible negative impacts on the forest and river ecosystems as well as the people living in the region.

To address the environmental risks, conventional hydropower technology can be replaced with pumped storage hydropower technology — which requires a smaller area than conventional hydropower. Floating solar panels can also be installed along the surface of the river to diversify energy sources.

Based on a recent study, for instance, Kalimantan has vast solar energy potential.

Another factor to be considered is what types of industries are suited for development in the North Kalimantan region.

Due to its high water flow rate (about 1,700 m3/s), the Kayan River is an enormous water source. It can be used to generate vast amounts of green hydrogen — a feedstock to produce ammonia.

Potential buyers are in place, including PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur in Bontang, East Kalimantan — located around 354 km from Tarakan, the capital of North Kalimantan.

Furthermore, synthetic natural gas and methanol production using hydrogen is ideal for providing “green fuels” for the state-owned oil refinery in Balikpapan, East Kalimantan province.

To prove its commitment to developing a green industrial park, the government should consider the following points.

First, the government must formulate strategies for decarbonizing the industrial sector through P2X.

Establishing a clear roadmap can build trust with domestic and foreign investors. This roadmap can become a cornerstone for developing other green industrial parks.

Indonesia can also learn from Germany and Japan, which have produced green hydrogen with P2X technology.

Second, the government should support research in electrolysis technology to increase the economic viability of P2X. Other essential support includes funding from international partners or financial institutions.

 

Denny Gunawan is a PhD candidate, Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, UNSW. He is also affiliated with Energy Commission, Directorate of Research and Studies, Overseas Indonesian Students’ Association Alliance (OISAA).

The transportation sector and the motorcycle taxi

The transportation sector — air, water, and land — is among the sectors which have been most adversely affected by the pandemic scare and government lockdowns. While overall GDP in 2020 contracted -9.6%, the transportation and storage industry contracted -31%.

In the first three quarters of 2021, while overall GDP grew 5.1%, the transportation and storage sector grew 6.6% and land transport in particular grew 8.9%, and it comprised 50% of total production of services of the sector (Table 1).

LAND TRANSPORTATION IN TOP 1,000 CORPORATIONS
I checked the performance of land transport companies that belong to the BusinessWorld Top 1,000 corporations, and saw that the numbers are interesting.

First, only one bus company, only one provider of public utility (PU) cars, and two rail companies managed to land in the Top 1,000. And second, trains that move big number of passengers suffered a big decline in gross revenue and net income in 2020. The same could be said of the bus company due to the prolonged lockdown, while the PU car company Grab Philippines managed to grow in net income (Table 2).

This implies that during the pandemic and lockdown, people have avoided mass transportation trains and buses and have used more private vehicles, or have ridden PU cars and motorcycles. The mandatory social distancing and fear of being physically close to strangers in public transport while keeping their cost of mobility low means that demand for private, cheaper transport will stay or increase. Motorcycle taxis would be the fastest and cheapest mode of transportation for poor people who do not have private vehicles, or, even if they can afford to buy a motorcycle, are scared to drive one.

MOTORCYCLE TAXI DUOPOLY
Currently, a motorcycle taxi (MCT) duopoly — comprised of Joyride and Angkas — was appointed and authorized by the government via the MCT Technical Working Group (MCT TWG) composed of the Department of Transportation, the Land Transportation Office, the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board, the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority, the Philippine National Police, and the Inter-Agency Council for Traffic or I-ACT. There is no law from Congress yet that authorizes MCT so these agencies in the Executive branch arrogated legislative power upon themselves.

Technically there are three players (Joyride, Angkas, and Move It) authorized by the TWG which also excluded a fourth player, Grab, for no clear reason, in the pilot project to study MCT. But Move It is too small so it partnered with Grab which has millions of subscribers, potential drivers, and passengers. Since the TWG has killed the Move It-Grab partnership and Move It is back to being an insignificant player, it is a de facto duopoly.

The supply of MCT is not enough so a fourth black-market MCT — “habal-habal” or unregistered MCT — appeared to fill the supply gap, and there are thousands of them nationwide especially in Davao City and the rest of Mindanao. See these reports in BusinessWorld:

1. “Panel admits two more firms for extended motorcycle taxi trials” (Dec. 20, 2019)

2. “Grab ‘seriously considering’ motorcycle taxi business anew” (Oct. 29, 2020)

3. “Davao City to legalize, regulate motorcycle taxis” (May 9, 2021)

4. “Grab PHL, MOVE IT partner for motorcycle taxi hailing services” (Sept. 23, 2021).

The Move It-Grab partnership was allowed by the TWG to operate on Sept. 23 last year, then disallowed by Oct. 1. Perhaps that one week proved to be too successful and popular with many new drivers and passengers.

By Dec. 10, the TWG officially and permanently terminated the Grab-Move It collaboration. It recognized that the partnership had generated jobs and served the public, but still decided to stop the partnership. The TWG added that new players can come in only if the bill in Congress legalizing MCT becomes a law.

As of November 2020, the duopoly has 10,400 riders (6,400 from Angkas, 4,000 from Joyride) even if the TWG has authorized 46,713 MCT in February 2020. This means tens of thousands of units have been filled up by illegal MCT while the TWG has restricted and continues to restrict new legal MCT players. See this column’s article, https://www.bworldonline.com/tax-pressure-and-motorcycle-taxis/ (Dec. 13, 2021).

HOUSE COMMITTEE REPORT (CR) NO. 1364
On Dec. 6, 2021, the House of Representatives Committee on Transportation reported out CR No. 1364 and filed as House Bill (HB) 10571, “An Act Regulating the Operation of Motorcycles-for-hire,” substituting dozens of earlier bills allowing and regulating MCT. The bill has about 50 legislator-authors and was submitted by Congressman Edgar Mary S. Sarmiento, Chairperson of the House Committee on Transportation.

The new bill has many good provisions. It recognizes Motorcycles-For-Hire as Common Carriers via a transportation network company (TNC) or Online E-Commerce platform provider (OEPP) under Section 5; it sets the Standards and Specifications of Motorcycles (Section 7) and Qualifications of Drivers (Section 10); it allows their franchising and set the franchise requirements (Sections 8 and 9). It also sets Accreditation Requirements of TNCs and OEPPs (Section 11) and so on.

In short, the new HB 10571 sets the formal and permanent recognition of MCTs, regardless of the number of players, in very transparent ways, unlike the non-transparency of the TWG that anointed only a duopoly.

MORE BIG PLAYERS NEEDED
Many agencies in government have the habit of scuttling new and big but transparent players and keep certain sectors of the economy to be served by a few small but bureaucracy-favored players.

Consider the following lists:

• In the Financial Times story “Asia-Pacific High-Growth Companies 2021,” it said many companies from Singapore (Carro, SCI Commerce,…), Indonesia (Kioson, Dana Brata), Malaysia (Carsome, SupplyCart), Thailand (SkillLane) were in the Top 100, there were none from the Philippines.

• In the UN Conference on Trade and Development report “Top 100 non-financial multinational enterprises (MNEs) from developing and transition economies 2019,” several companies from Malaysia (Petronas, Genting) and Singapore (Trafigura, Wilmar) made the list, while there were none from the Philippines.

The Deloitte report “Technology Fast 500 Asia Pacific 2020 Ranking” was dominated by companies from China, India, Japan, Australia, and South Korea, with eight companies from the ASEAN making it to the list like Malaysia’s ARB Berhad, Indonesia’s PT Tokopedia, Singapore’s Blue Wireless PTE. Not one came from the Philippines.

MORE COMPETITION NEEDED
The TWG is wrong and acted against public interest in anointing a duopoly, Joyride and Angkas, to operate without legislation while waiting for the final legislation. It deprived thousands of aspiring MCT drivers from joining legal players with the right to earn income. It deprived thousands of passengers additional choice and options.

The TWG can correct these pitfalls by allowing more players while waiting for Congress to pass HB 10571 into a law since there is already a counterpart Senate bill.

Congress should hasten the legislation of MCT, allow more players and more competition. It is campaign season already, the current legislators can expect more votes from tens of thousands of potential new drivers, and perhaps millions of potential passengers if they are given more choices in getting cheap and fast public mobility.

 

Bienvenido S. Oplas, Jr. is the president of Minimal Government Thinkers.

minimalgovernment@gmail.com

NIMBYism is good if the N stands for Nuclear

VECTORJUICE-FREEPIK

THE LIBERAL college town of Amherst, Massachusetts, is considering a ban on new large-scale solar projects that’s supported by, among other groups, the local chapter of the supposedly radical youth climate movement Sunrise.

It’s the latest in a long list of unfortunate instances in which renewable-energy projects have faced opposition not from coal barons or reactionaries, but from progressive types concerned about the land-use impacts of big new energy projects. The National Audubon Society is trying to stop a wind project near Oakland, California, for example, and local Audubon chapters are frequently in opposition to this or that clean-energy project.

What’s more, the US environmental review process allows anyone to invoke environmental concerns to block something they don’t like, regardless of the actual reason. It’s difficult to believe that advocates of offshore oil drilling are sincerely upset about the impact of offshore wind projects on the marine ecology, for example, but they are free to raise that objection. What could have been America’s largest solar farm was canceled last year in Nevada due to a variety of NIMBY (not in my back yard) objections.

These stories are often cited as examples of environmental hypocrisy, to make the left look bad. And certainly there are cases where the NIMBYs are just wrong. Last fall’s defeat of a proposed power line that would have brought Quebec hydropower through Maine into Massachusetts was a genuine disaster, with a small number of forest-protectors serving as useful idiots for fossil-fuel interests. More North American grid integration is critical to the clean-energy transition because Canadian hydropower can balance solar intermittency: America can send electricity north when the sun is shining and the Canadians can let water pile up behind their dams to generate power for when the sun goes down.

That being said, each fight over the site of a renewable project underscores a powerful reality: Decarbonizing the electric grid purely through new wind and solar will require an enormous amount of land. According to the Net Zero America Project, to fully electrify America’s vehicles, buildings, and factories — and then produce all that electricity through renewables — would require land five times the area of South Dakota.

This isn’t necessarily impossible. But it’s not possible without infringing on a lot of woodlands, habitats, nice views and other things that reasonable people are going to want to fight to preserve.

Which is another reason that environmental groups should be more open to the idea of geothermal and advanced nuclear power. Senator Jim Risch and Representative Russ Fulcher, both of Idaho, have introduced a bill that would grant geothermal projects located on federal land the same categorical exemption from the environmental-review process that oil and gas projects currently enjoy.

Environmental groups have largely opposed this on the theory that the US should be making it harder to drill for fossil fuels, not easier to drill for geothermal heat. And they’re not necessarily wrong. Drilling holes in the ground is not generally an ecologically friendly activity, whether those holes are for the purpose of fossil-fuel extraction or something else.

But amid all these debates and controversies over utility-scale solar, offshore wind, and new high-voltage transmission lines, one point is clear: Every conceivable option incurs some tradeoffs. A geothermal project can generate the same amount of power on a much smaller plot compared to a wind or solar project.

The arguments over the role of nuclear power in creating zero-carbon electricity are familiar. But there has been relatively little debate over the impact on land use. On a per-megawatt basis, a utility-scale solar project takes up about 80 times as much space as a conventional light-water nuclear plant. A wind plant, when considering the spacing of the turbines, requires over twice as much space as a solar one.

Meanwhile, a new generation of entrepreneurs is hoping to bring to market a new generation of much smaller nuclear reactors that will be even more space efficient.

These micro-reactors generate less power than existing mega-reactors. But the promise of micro-reactors is that, because they are smaller, they are easier to cool. The Aurora reactor design from Oklo, for example, is cooled with a series of static metal rods rather than water pumps that require their own redundant power sources for safety. If the reactor overheats, the nuclear fuel will expand, reducing its density and ending the reaction.

The micro-reactor industry’s unproven claim is that the smaller scale of these designs will allow them to be mass-produced more cheaply. Environmentalists who oppose new nuclear developments have seized on this claim — and it is speculative, whereas the cheapness of wind and solar power is a present-day reality.

Cost issues aside, however, the smaller footprint of micro-reactors is a huge advantage. If they also prove to be affordable, they could provide an enormous supply of zero-carbon electricity that creates many fewer conflicts about open space. Instead of needing five South Dakotas, we’d be looking at half a New Hampshire. And because reactors can be located near where the power is needed, there’d be less need for new transmission lines.

At the moment, the world is so far from meeting its clean-energy goals that it’s an everything-including-the-kitchen-sink situation. In the short term, that means supporting as much solar and wind power as we can build; promoting renewable power is more important than saving trees and birds (who happen to be facing very serious climate impacts, by the way). In the medium term, that means making it easier to build advanced nuclear plants such as micro-reactors.

Transforming the American energy system is going to require a lot of new zero-carbon electricity. Trying to find more space-efficient ways to provide it should be a priority.

BLOOMBERG OPINION

India’s richest more than double their fortunes during pandemic — Oxfam

REUTERS

INDIA’s richest have more than doubled their fortunes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis that’s ravaged the country and worsened poverty, and the government should revisit its policies to redistribute wealth, according to the global Oxfam Davos report of 2022.

The nation added 40 billionaires to 142 last year, when a second wave of infections overwhelmed its health infrastructure and pushed crematoriums and burial grounds to breaking point. They have almost $720 billion in combined fortune, more than the poorest 40% of the population, the group said in a report on rising inequality published Monday.

Wealth has surged globally during the pandemic as the value of everything from stock prices to crypto and commodities has jumped. The world’s 500 richest people added more than $1 trillion to their net worth last year, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index. India, where urban unemployment climbed as high as 15% last May and food insecurity worsened, now counts more billionaires than France, Sweden and Switzerland combined, Oxfam said.

State policies including the abolition of a wealth tax in 2016, steep cuts in corporate levies and an increase in indirect taxation are among the factors that helped make the rich richer, while the national minimum wage has remained at 178 rupees ($2.4) a day since 2020, the India supplement of the global report said. Reduced federal funding to local administrations amid growing privatizations in the health and education sectors have further boosted inequalities. The nation is home to a quarter of the world’s undernourished people, Oxfam said, citing the World Food Programme.    

“Unfortunately, not only has the taxation policy of the Indian government been pro-rich, it has also deprived India’s States of important fiscal resources — both particularly damaging in the context of the COVID-19 crisis,” the report said.

Oxfam is recommending the government imposes a 1% surcharge on the richest 10% of the population to invest in health and education. It notes that the fortune of India’s 10 wealthiest billionaires would be enough to fund the school and higher education of the nation’s children for more than 25 years.

With 84% of the households suffering a decline in income at the start of the pandemic, India is in line with sub-Saharan Africa accounting for the highest increase in poverty. In 2020, the number of poor in the south Asian nation doubled to 134 million, more than Pew research had estimated, Oxfam said. Daily wage workers, the self-employed and the unemployed committed the most suicides, it added, citing official crime data.        

The report also highlighted that the leaked Pandora Papers — a collection of 11.9 million documents detailing 29,000 offshore companies and private trusts globally created for tax evasion — found that more than 380 Indians had 200 billion rupees worth of undeclared foreign and domestic assets.

Gautam Adani had India’s largest wealth surge last year and the fifth biggest in the world, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index. He added $42.7 billion to his fortune, which now stands at almost $90 billion. Mukesh Ambani’s net worth climbed by $13.3 billion in 2021, and he’s now valued at $97 billion. — Bloomberg

Chinese cities on high COVID-19 alert as Lunar New Year travel season starts

REUTERS

BEIJING — Several Chinese cities went on high COVID-19 alert as the Lunar New Year holiday travel season started on Monday, requiring travellers to report their trips days before their arrival, as the Omicron variant reached more areas including Beijing.

Authorities have warned the highly contagious Omicron adds to the increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission as hundreds of millions of people travel around China for the Lunar New Year on Feb. 1.

Cities such as Luoyang in central China and Jieyang in the south said on Sunday travelers need to report to communities, employers or hotels their trips three days ahead of arrival.

The southwestern city of Yulin said on Saturday those who want to enter should fill in an online form, including their health credentials and trip details, one day in advance.

Over the weekend, the capital Beijing and the southern technology hub Shenzhen each detected one domestically transmitted Omicron case.

The possibility that the Omicron case in Beijing was infected through imported goods can’t be ruled out, Pang Xinghuo, an official at the city’s disease control authority, said on Monday.

Li Ang, vice director at the Beijing Municipal Health Commission, said a local hospital had admitted nine Omicron infections, with six still being treated. He did not say when the infections arrived or why they hadn’t been disclosed earlier.

The city of Meizhou in Guangdong province found one Omicron infection linked to an outbreak in Zhuhai, state television said on Monday.

So far, at least five provinces and municipalities reported local Omicron infections, while 14 provincial areas found the variant among travellers arriving from overseas.

China is yet to show any solid sign of shifting its guideline of quickly containing any local infections, despite a high vaccination rate of 86.6%. The strategy has taken on extra urgency in the run-up to the Winter Olympics, to be staged in Beijing and neighboring Hebei province starting Feb. 4.

Many local governments have already advised residents not to leave town unnecessarily trips during the holiday, while dozens of international and domestic flights have been suspended.

China’s aviation regulator said on Monday it would suspend two flights from the United States over COVID-19 cases, bringing the total number of canceled flights this year from the country, where Omicron is spreading, to 76.

China reported 163 locally transmitted infections with confirmed symptom for Sunday, official data showed on Monday, up from 65 a day earlier.

Sunday’s increase in infections was mainly driven by more cases in the cities of Tianjin and Anyang, where Omicron has been found in local clusters.

Tianjin and Anyang reported slightly more than 600 local symptomatic infections from the current outbreaks, smaller than many clusters overseas, but authorities there still have limited movement within the cities and trips to outside. — Reuters

Credit Suisse chairman quits over COVID-19 breaches in latest setback

SINGAPORE — Credit Suisse Chairman Antonio Horta-Osorio has resigned after flouting COVID-19 quarantine rules, the bank said on Monday, raising questions over the embattled lender’s new strategy as it tries to recover from a string of scandals.

The abrupt move comes less than a year after Mr. Horta-Osorio was brought in to clean up Switzerland’s No.2 bank’s corporate culture marred by its involvement with collapsed investment firm Archegos and insolvent supply chain finance firm Greensill Capital.

However, the Portuguese banker’s personal conduct has since come under scrutiny, with reports he breached COVID-19 quarantine rules twice in 2021.

“I regret that a number of my personal actions have led to difficulties for the bank and compromised my ability to represent the bank internally and externally,” Mr. Horta-Osorio said in a statement issued by Switzerland’s No. 2 bank.

“I therefore believe that my resignation is in the interest of the bank and its stakeholders at this crucial time,” he said.

The bank said Mr. Horta-Osorio resigned following an investigation commissioned by the board.

In December, Reuters reported that a preliminary internal bank investigation had found that Mr. Horta-Osorio attended the Wimbledon tennis finals in London in July without following Britain’s quarantine rules.

Mr. Horta-Osorio also broke COVID-19 rules on a visit to Switzerland in November by leaving the country during a 10-day quarantine period, the bank said in December.

In late December, David Herro, deputy chairman at Harris, the third biggest investor in Credit Suisse, said Mr. Horta-Osorio retained his absolute support.

Credit Suisse, which announced a new strategy in November aimed at curbing a freewheeling culture that has cost it billions, said board member Axel Lehmann had taken over as chairman with immediate effect.

The bank said Lehmann, the board and the executive board would continue to implement Credit Suisse’s strategy.

Lehmann spent over a decade at rival UBS, where his roles included helming the Swiss personal and corporate banking unit of the bank after a nearly two-decade stint at Zurich Insurance Group. — Reuters