LOS ANGELES — California National Guard troops were deployed to the streets of Los Angeles on Sunday to help quell a third day of protests over President Donald J. Trump’s immigration enforcement, a step the state’s Democratic governor, Gavin Newsom, called unlawful.

Police were making more arrests after at least 10 on Sunday and 29 the previous night, Los Angeles police officers told a news briefing.

National Guard troops guarded federal government buildings, as police and protesters clashed in separate demonstrations over federal immigration raids in Los Angeles.

Los Angeles police declared several rallies to be “unlawful assemblies,” accusing some protesters of throwing concrete projectiles, bottles and other items at police.

Video images showed several self-driving cars from Alphabet’s Waymo were set ablaze on a downtown street on Sunday evening.

Los Angeles police officers on horseback attempted to control the crowds.

Demonstrators shouted “Shame on you!” at police and some appeared to throw objects, video images showed. One group blocked the 101 Freeway, a major downtown thoroughfare.

Groups of protesters, many carrying Mexican flags and signs denouncing US immigration authorities, gathered in spots around the city.

The Los Angeles branch of the Party for Socialism and Liberation organized speakers outside City Hall for an afternoon rally.

California Governor Gavin Newsom said he requested the Trump administration to withdraw its order to deploy 2,000 National Guard troops in Los Angeles county, calling it unlawful.

In an interview with MSNBC, Mr. Newsom said he planned to sue the administration over the deployment, adding that Mr. Trump “has created the conditions” around the protests.

Mr. Newsom accused Mr. Trump of trying to manufacture a crisis and violating California’s state sovereignty. “These are the acts of a dictator, not a president,” he wrote in a post on X.

However, Police Chief Jim McDonnell told a media briefing on Sunday night that the protests were getting out of control.

Asked if the National Guard was needed, Mr. McDonnell said police would not “go to that right away,” but added, “Looking at the violence tonight, I think we’ve got to make a reassessment.”

In a social media post, Mr. Trump called on Mr. McDonnell to do so.

“He should, right now!!!” Mr. Trump added. “Don’t let these thugs get away with this. Make America great again!!!”

The White House disputed Mr. Newsom’s characterization, saying in a statement, “Everyone saw the chaos, violence and lawlessness.”

Earlier, about a dozen National Guard, along with Department of Homeland Security personnel, pushed back a group of demonstrators outside a federal building in downtown Los Angeles, video showed.

US Northern Command said 300 members of the California National Guard had been deployed to three spots in the Los Angeles area. Their mission was limited to protecting federal personnel and property.

In a social media post on Sunday, Mr. Trump called the demonstrators “violent, insurrectionist mobs” and said he was directing his cabinet officers “to take all such action necessary” to stop what he called “riots.”

Speaking to reporters in New Jersey, he threatened violence against demonstrators who spit on police or National Guard troops, saying, “They spit, we hit.”

He did not cite any specific incidents.

“If we see danger to our country and to our citizens, it will be very, very strong in terms of law and order,” Mr. Trump said.

The Federal Bureau of Investigation offered a $50,000-reward for information on a suspect accused of throwing rocks at police vehicles in Paramount, injuring a federal officer.

Despite Mr. Trump’s rhetoric about the demonstrations, he has not invoked the Insurrection Act, an 1807 law that empowers a president to deploy the US military to suppress events like civil disorder.

Asked on Sunday whether he was considering doing so, he said, “It depends on whether or not there’s an insurrection.”

‘HIGH ALERT’
Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth has warned that the Pentagon was prepared to mobilize active-duty troops “if violence continues” in Los Angeles, saying the Marines at nearby Camp Pendleton were on “high alert.”

US Northern Command said about 500 Marines were prepared to deploy if ordered.

Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass blamed the Trump administration for inciting tension by sending in the National Guard, but also condemned protesters who became violent.

“I don’t want people to fall into the chaos that I believe is being created by the administration completely unnecessarily,” Ms. Bass told a press conference.

Vanessa Cárdenas, the head of the immigration advocacy group America’s Voice, accused the Trump administration of “trumping up an excuse to abuse power, and deliberately stoke and force confrontations around immigration.”

On Sunday, Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem told CBS’ “Face the Nation” that the National Guard would provide safety around buildings to people engaged in peaceful protest and to law enforcement.

Mr. Trump has pledged to deport record numbers of people in the country illegally and lock down the US-Mexico border, setting the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) a goal of arresting at least 3,000 migrants a day.

Census data suggests a significant part of the population in Democratic-run Los Angeles is Hispanic and foreign-born.

But the sweeping enforcement measures have also included legally residents, some with permanent residence, spurring legal challenges.

On Sunday, Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum criticized the US government over the immigration raids and National guard deployment.

“We do not agree with this way of addressing the immigration issue,” Ms. Sheinbaum, who has sought to cultivate a positive relationship with Mr. Trump, said at a public event.

“The phenomenon will not be addressed with raids or violence. It will be by sitting down and working on comprehensive reform.”

TRUMP’S JUSTIFICATION
Mr. Trump’s justification for the National Guard deployment cited a provision of Title 10 of the US Code on the Armed Forces. However, Title 10 also says the “orders for these purposes shall be issued through the governors of the States.”

It was not immediately clear if the president had the legal authority to deploy the National Guard without Mr. Newsom’s order.

Title 10 allows for National Guard deployment by the federal government if there is “a rebellion or danger of a rebellion against the authority of the government of the United States.”

Those troops are only allowed to engage in limited activities and cannot undertake ordinary law enforcement activities.

Mr. Trump’s memo says the troops will “temporarily protect ICE and other United States government personnel who are performing federal functions, including the enforcement of federal law, and to protect federal property, at locations where protests against these functions are occurring, or are likely to occur.” — Reuters

BEIJING — China’s export growth slowed to a three-month low in May as US tariffs slammed shipments, while factory-gate deflation deepened to its worst level in two years, heaping pressure on the world’s second-largest economy on both the domestic and external fronts.

US President Donald J. Trump’s global trade war and the swings in Sino-US trade ties have in the past two months sent Chinese exporters, along with their business partners across the Pacific, on a roller coaster ride and hobbled world growth.

Underscoring the US tariff impact on shipments, customs data showed that China’s exports to the US plunged 34.5% year-on-year in May in value terms, the sharpest drop since February 2020, when the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic upended global trade.

Total exports from the Asian economic giant expanded 4.8% year-on-year in value terms in May, slowing from the 8.1% jump in April and missing the 5.0% growth expected in a Reuters poll, customs data showed on Monday, despite a lowering of US tariffs on Chinese goods which had taken effect in early April.

Imports dropped 3.4% year-on-year, deepening sharply from the 0.2% decline in April and worse than the 0.9% downturn expected in the Reuters poll.

Exports had surged 12.4% year-on-year and 8.1% in March and April, respectively, as factories rushed shipments to the US and other overseas manufacturers to avoid Mr. Trump’s hefty levies on China and the rest of the world.

While exporters in China found some respite in May as Beijing and Washington agreed to suspend most of their levies for 90 days, tensions between the world’s two largest economies remain high and negotiations are underway over issues ranging from China’s rare earths controls to Taiwan.

Trade representatives from China and the US are meeting in London on Monday to resume talks after a phone call between their top leaders on Thursday.

“Export growth was likely stalled by heavy customs inspections in May due to tightened export control efforts,” said Xu Tianchen, senior economist at the Economist Intelligence Unit, noting that rare-earth exports nearly halved last month, while electric machinery exports also slowed significantly.

China’s imports from the US also lost further ground, dropping 18.1% from a 13.8% slide in April.

Zichun Huang, economist at Capital Economics, expects the slowdown in exports growth to “partially reverse this month, as it reflects the drop in US orders before the trade truce,” but cautions that shipments will be knocked again by year-end due to elevated tariff levels.

China’s May trade surplus came in at $103.22 billion, up from the $96.18 billion the previous month.

Other data, also released on Monday, showed China’s import of crude oil, coal, and iron ore dropped last month, underlining the fragility of domestic demand at a time of rising external headwinds.

Beijing in May rolled out a series of monetary stimulus measures, including cuts to benchmark lending rates and a 500 billion yuan low-cost loan program for supporting elderly care and services consumption.

The measures are aimed at cushioning the trade war’s blow to an economy that relied on exports in its recovery from the pandemic shocks and a protracted property market slump.

DEFLATIONARY PRESSURES
Producer and consumer price data, released by the National Bureau of Statistics on the same day, showed that deflationary pressures worsened last month.

The producer price index fell 3.3% in May from a year earlier, after a 2.7% decline in April and marked the deepest contraction in 22 months, while consumer prices extended declines, having dipped 0.1% last month from a year earlier.

Cooling factory activity also highlights the impact of US tariffs on the world’s largest manufacturing hub, dampening faster services growth as suspense lingers over the outcome of US-China trade talks.

Sluggish domestic demand and weak prices have weighed on China’s economy, which has struggled to mount a robust post-pandemic recovery and has relied on exports to underpin growth.

Retail sales growth slowed last month as spending continued to lag amid job insecurity and stagnant new home prices.

The core inflation measure, excluding volatile food and fuel prices, registered a 0.6% year-on-year rise, slightly faster than a 0.5% increase in April.

However, Capital Economics’ Huang said the improvement in core prices looks “fragile,” adding “we still think persistent overcapacity will keep China in deflation both this year and next.” — Reuters

VATICAN CITY  — Pope Leo XIV criticized the emergence of nationalist political movements on Sunday, calling them unfortunate, without naming a specific country or national leader.

Leo, the first pope from the US, asked during a Mass with a crowd of tens of thousands in St. Peter’s Square that God would “open borders, break down walls (and) dispel hatred.”

“There is no room for prejudice, for ‘security’ zones separating us from our neighbors, for the exclusionary mindset that, unfortunately, we now see emerging also in political nationalisms,” said the pontiff.

Leo, the former Cardinal Robert Prevost, was elected on May 8 to succeed the late Pope Francis as leader of the 1.4-billion-member Church.

Before becoming pontiff, Prevost was not shy about criticizing US President Donald J. Trump, sharing numerous disapproving posts about Mr. Trump and Vice-President JD Vance on X in recent years.

The Vatican has not confirmed the new pope’s ownership of the X account, which had the handle @drprevost, and was deactivated after Leo’s election.

Francis, pope for 12 years, was a sharp critic of Mr. Trump. The late pope said in January that the president’s plan to deport millions of migrants in the US during his second term was a “disgrace.”

Earlier, Francis said Mr. Trump was “not Christian” because of his views on immigration.

“A person who thinks only about building walls, wherever they may be, and not building bridges, is not Christian,” Francis said when asked about Mr. Trump in 2016.

Leo was celebrating a Mass for Pentecost, one of the Church’s most important holidays. — Reuters