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SLMC offers non-COVID vaccines via drive-thru

ST. LUKE’S Medical Center (SLMC) is offering drive-thru vaccination services for non-COVID diseases.

Adults can get shots for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR); flu; varicella (chickenpox); pneumonia; and human papillomavirus at SLMC-Global City.

Children, meanwhile, can be immunized in both Bonifacio Global City and Quezon City.

Booking is done through St. Luke’s Product Information Hub (PIH), which assists patients throughout their booking, teleconsultation, and payment.  The same process applies for parents who wish to vaccinate their children.

“With SLMC’s drive-thru vaccination sites, parents can take a step in protecting their children from various diseases while having the peace of mind that they will not catch the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) virus due to the enforcement of stringent health protocols,” said SLMC President and Chief Executive Officer Dr. Arturo De La Peña.

For more information, contact the Product Information Hub at productinfo@stlukes.com.ph or visit facebook.com/StLukesPH. Both vaccination sites — Bonifacio Global City and Quezon City — are open Monday to Saturday, 8 a.m. to 3 p.m.

DoF warns climate change could wipe out PHL economic gains

THE climate change crisis, if unaddressed, holds the potential to wipe out the economic gains made by the Philippines in recent years, the Department of Finance (DoF) said Tuesday.

“People do not realize it, but climate change will hit us like a tsunami if we continue to do nothing about this worsening crisis. It could wipe away all our economic gains in one go if we fail to mitigate it,” Finance Secretary Carlos G. Dominguez III said at a virtual event, Sulong Pilipinas 2021: Climate Change and the New Normal with the Youth Sector.

“As bearers of the future, the youth — who will have to live through 2030 and beyond — have the greatest stake in overcoming this crisis… We need (their) determination to build a greener, healthier, and climate-resilient future,” he said.

The Philippines accounts for 0.3% of global carbon emissions, yet is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, particularly typhoons, according to Finance Assistant Secretary Paola Sherina A. Alvarez.

During the briefing, she said successive typhoons had an impact on inflation starting January after disrupting the harvest in late 2020.

“In January 2021, the general price level clocked a higher rate of year-on-year growth of 4.2%. Because we had back-to-back super-typhoons at the end of November, the prices of vegetables and rice went up,” Ms. Alvarez said.

Vegetable prices rose 21.2%, while rice recorded a 0.10% increase.

Ms. Alvarez said the Philippines is expected to incur P177 billion worth of losses to its public and private assets due to typhoons and earthquakes each year.

“In the next 50 years… the country has a 40% chance of experiencing a loss exceeding P989 billion and a 20% chance of experiencing a loss exceeding P1.5 trillion,” she said.

She said the estimate for implementing climate change mitigation measures in the energy, forestry, industry, transport sectors is about $4.12 billion between 2015 and 2030.

In 2019, the World Bank issued two tranches of catastrophe bonds to insure the Philippines against losses due to earthquakes and storms for three years. The insurance cover was valued at $225 million. — Angelica Y. Yang

Central bank to simplify MSME loan applications

BW FILE PHOTO

THE Banko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) said it is developing a simplified loan application form for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs).

At an online event Tuesday, BSP Governor Benjamin E. Diokno said, “(w)ith the support of DTI and industry associations, BSP is developing a simpler loan application form (for use by banks in small-business landing).” 

The Philippine Statistics Authority estimates that in 2019, MSMEs accounted for 99.5% or 995,745 of the 1.5 million businesses operating in the Philippines, with companies classified as large at 0.5% or 4,761. 

Micro enterprises accounted for 89% or 891,044, small enterprises 10% or 99,936, and medium-sized enterprises 0.5% or 4,765.

Mr. Diokno said the BSP, in partnership with the Asian Development Bank, has recently launched a supply chain market development study for innovative lending approaches for MSMEs.

Mr. Diokno said the National Identification System of the Philippines, which is currently in progress, will improve the delivery of government services and provide MSMEs better access to digital technology. 

“The rollout of the Philippine National ID System, with more than 11 million registrants completing data collection, will transform government service delivery and access by enabling online authentication for seamless digital onboarding to make it easier for clients to open (bank) accounts… (and will) quicken the innovation and digitalization of financial services to reduce the cost of financial transactions for microentrepreneurs and microfinance institutions alike,” he said. 

The Citi Foundation, in partnership with the BSP, Citi Philippines, and the Microfinance Council of the Philippines, Inc., organized the online event to present awards to the winners of the 18th Citi Microentrepreneurship Awards.

Microfinance helped some MSMEs grow during the pandemic, including some of the awardees, which included food businesses, Citi said. — Bianca Angelica D. Añago

Complaints vs pyramid scams surge during COVID-19 crisis

THE VOLUME of pyramid scheme complaints filed in the four months to April had more than doubled the full-year total for 2020, the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) said.

Complaints involving pyramid schemes totaled 28 as of April, as opposed to the 12 filed in 2020, the DTI said in a statement Tuesday, citing its fair trade enforcement bureau.

Pyramid schemes mainly make profits from recruiting more members rather than product sales.

“They claim that this business structure is pandemic-proof to make (it) more enticing and promising to interested investors,” the department said.

The DTI warned the public to avoid such schemes currently being promoted on social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram. Victims can report the schemes to the DTI or the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

“Those companies taking advantage of consumers by disguising their pyramid sales scheme as a legitimate business opportunity in the form of multi-level marketing have to be investigated, charged, and penalized if warranted,” DTI Assistant Secretary Ronnel O. Abrenica said.

The SEC has said that Ponzi schemes, pyramid schemes, and so-called boiler room operations — the use of high-pressure sales tactics to sell penny stocks — are the most common investment scams. Such schemes have increased during the pandemic as more Filipinos lose their jobs.

Pyramid schemes to sell consumer products are banned under Article 53 of Republic Act 7394 or the Consumer Act of the Philippines. Violators are liable for fines, imprisoned or both. — Jenina P. Ibañez

ERC approves Isabela power distributor’s P65.4-M capex plan

THE Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) has approved a P65.4-million capital expenditure (capex) application filed by Isabela I Electric Cooperative, Inc. (Iselco I) which will go towards the installation of a new power transformer and related equipment in one of its substations.

In a decision posted on its website, the commission said Iselco I had applied to commit funds to install a new 20/25 megavolt ampere power transformer at its Reina Mercedes substation to address capacity issues.

Iselco I said its Reina Mercedes substation had exceeded the 70% capacity threshold prescribed by a distribution utility planning manual for electric cooperatives.

“Without the implementation of any capacity augmentation project/s, approximately 10,000 customers of Iselco I may be affected by a series of rotational brownouts,” the electric cooperative told the ERC in its petition.

In a ruling implemented on June 11, the commission ruled that the proposed project is “technically feasible” and offers the most affordable option for addressing capacity concerns.

“The Commission recognizes that this project will ensure the integrity of Iselco I’s distribution system and will allow Iselco I to accommodate both existing and new consumers,” it explained.

The ERC said Iselco I obtained access to P10.18 million and P50 million worth of financing from the Rural Electrification Financing Corp. and Development Bank of the Philippines, respectively, in 2018 and 2019 to finance the project.

According to the regulator, Iselco I had failed to secure clearance before acquiring the loans. As a result, the ERC said it will issue a show-cause order to Iselco I.

The commission also required the company to pay permit fees of P490,503, as authorized by its capex guidelines and revised schedule of fees and charges.

The decision was signed by the agency’s Chairperson and Chief Executive Officer Agnes VST Devanadera, and four commissioners.

Iselco I holds an exclusive franchise to distribute power in two cities and thirteen municipalities in Isabela. — Angelica Y. Yang

LANDBANK expands lending program to include ex-extremists

BW FILE PHOTO

STATE-RUN Land Bank of the Philippines (LANDBANK) has widened its lending program for former rebels to include former violent extremists.

In a statement, the state lender on Tuesday said the expanded lending program would also cover cooperatives and associations with former extremists as members.

It added that the program, now known as the ‘Balik-Loob’ lending program, is part of the National Government’s initiative to help former rebels and extremists and their families with the financing of small businesses and agricultural enterprises.

“Centered on our thrust of financial inclusion, we are offering financial assistance for the social re-integration of those who have voluntarily abandoned armed struggle to improve their livelihood,” LANDBANK President and Chief Executive Officer Cecilia C. Borromeo said.

The updated terms of the lending program now allow interested former rebels and extremists to apply for a loan as long as they will designate an immediate family member as a co-maker, the bank said.

Eligible borrowers should be at least 21 years old, do not have a pending legal case and has a government certification that verifies the identities of former rebels and extremists upon their return to the fold of the law.

The lending program launched in 2018 has provided financial lending assistance to different livelihood projects such as mom-and-pop stores, ready-to-wear retailing, fruits and vegetables retailing and curtain making.

It also covered agricultural enterprises such as crop protection, piggeries and poultry projects.

“Eligible borrowers also attended capacity building and skills trainings endorsed under the enhanced-comprehensive local reintegration program,” the state bank said.

The program provides more benefits based on the specific needs of former rebels and extremists and their families, such as financial assistance, housing, education, skill training, healthcare and legal assistance, among other aid it added. — Revin Mikhael D. Ochave

Program delivery at local government unit level seen as key to addressing undernutrition

PHLSTAR FILE PHOTO

IMPLEMENTATION of nutrition policy needs to be improved to address undernutrition among Filipino children, a Zuellig Family Foundation official said.

“We are not lacking in good nutrition laws. We are also not lacking in assessment reports,” he said. “Our challenge really is implementation,” Zuellig Family Foundation Chairman Ernesto D. Garilao said at the launch of a World Bank report on undernutrition.

Local governments are key to implementing such laws, he said, but noted limited understanding of nutrition challenges among public officials.

“Oftentimes, it is reduced to feeding (programs). But the multi-sectoral approach is just not there.”

Mr. Garilao said that the heads of local governments must have targets to address nutritional issues to guide the investment of resources into programs with specific goals. Current programs should also be coordinated, he added.

The World Bank on Tuesday released its report, Undernutrition in the Philippines: Scale, Scope, and Opportunities for Nutrition Policy and Programming.

It found that the coronavirus pandemic has compounded high rates of food insecurity and stunted growth among Filipino children.

“The Philippines has the basic infrastructure to deliver essential nutritional investments to its people. But the delivery mechanisms are fragmented, and gaps may have widened as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic,” the World Bank said.

Childhood stunting in the Philippines is at 30%, making it one of the top 10 countries for this particular indicator, it said.

“The country’s rate of stunting is high not only for its level of income but also compared with the rates of most of its neighbors. Other countries with similar levels of income have rates of stunting averaging around 20%.”

The report found that municipalities face common problems when implementing nutrition interventions. Municipalities have insufficient funding for programs and lack full-time nutrition and health staff. Nutrition is rarely a priority for local government units (LGUs) that focus on other infrastructure projects, the World Bank said, leaving non-government organizations to fund nutrition programs.

LGUs also lack reliable information on their nutrition problems and progress.

“Increasing the budget allocation and providing a separate budget for nutrition would demonstrate strong support for the nutrition agenda of the LGUs,” the report said.

“Both executive and legislative bodies in the municipalities need to prioritize and vigorously support nutrition interventions.” — Jenina P. Ibañez

Palace rejects call for drug war probe by ICC

PCOO

By Kyle Aristophere T. Atienza, Reporter

THE PALACE has rejected the recommendation by the International Criminal Court’s (ICC) chief prosecutor to formally open a probe into the alleged crimes against humanity committed in Philippine President Rodrigo R. Duterte’s war against drugs, saying the development is “legally erroneous and politically motivated.”

The move is legally flawed “because the ICC has no jurisdiction over the subject matter of crimes against humanity,” Presidential Spokesperson Herminio L. Roque, Jr. told a televised news

ICC Chief Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda recently asked the Hague-based tribunal’s pre-trial chamber to allow her office to probe the killings relating to the Philippines’ anti-drug campaign.

“I announce that the preliminary examination into the situation in the Republic of the Philippines has concluded and that I have requested judicial authorization to proceed with an investigation,” Ms. Bensouda said in a statement on June 14.

Ms. Bensouda said her office has already been “taking a number of measures to collect and preserve evidence” in anticipation of a possible probe.

Mr. Roque said the President and his government would not cooperate with the ICC on any potential investigation.

He said ICC’s latest move is “barred by the principle of complementarity” and is “not pursuant or in aid of substantial justice.”

The Philippines is no longer a member of the ICC, Mr. Roque said, adding that the international tribunal would not be able to build a case without Manila’s cooperation.

The Philippine Supreme Court in March junked petitions challenging Mr. Duterte’s unilateral decision to withdraw from the ICC, which took effect in 2019 or exactly a year after Manila announced leaving the only permanent war crimes tribunal.

A withdrawal from the ICC shall “take effect one year after the date of receipt of the notification,” according to court rules.

Ms. Bensouda, however, said, “Although the withdrawal of the Philippines from the Rome Statute of the ICC took effect on 17 March 2019, as the Court has previously found in the context of the Burundi situation, the Court retains jurisdiction over crimes that are alleged to have occurred on the territory of that State during the period when it was a State Party to the Rome Statute.”

“Moreover, these crimes are not subject to any statute of limitation,” she said.

Mr. Roque earlier said ICC should only “exercise jurisdiction” if local courts are unwilling or unable to hold people accountable for international crimes.

LAST RESORT
The Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA), in a separate statement, said the ICC is intended as “a court of last resort.”

DFA cited that State Parties to the Rome Statute, which formed the ICC, “envisioned a court with a complementary, not primary, jurisdiction for the prosecution” of the persons responsible for most serious crimes of international concern.

The Statute also requires the Court and the Office of the Prosecutor to respect and defer to the primary criminal jurisdiction of the State party, “while proceedings are ongoing in the latter,” DFA said.

The Philippine Department of Justice has formed a special panel to review cases relating to alleged extra-judicial killings committed during illegal drug operations.

DFA said the government has taken “concrete and progressive steps” to address concerns on the anti-illegal drugs campaign and finalized with the United Nations a Joint Program on Human Rights.

“All these affirms the Philippines’ adherence to human rights norms and its long track record of constructive engagement with international and regional partners in human rights promotion and protection,” it said.

Justice Secretary Menardo I. Guevarra, for his part, said the development at the ICC “has absolutely no effect” on his department’s “ongoing work of the review panel on drug deaths, as well as on the Philippines-(United Nations) joint program on technical cooperation on human rights.”

National Union of Peoples’ Lawyers (NUPL) President Edre U. Olalia, meanwhile, said the potential investigation before the international court “should be a wakeup call to rouse those who are fast asleep while thousands they have silenced are still in mourning.” 

On Monday, hours before the ICC statement was posted, a human rights group assisted by the NUPL submitted a supplemental pleading to the ICC asking for an investigation on the alleged human rights violations in the Philippines and to issue a warrant of arrest for Mr. Duterte while the probe is ongoing.

Mr. Duterte, on the other hand, renewed his threat against those involved in the illegal drug trade.

“Do not destroy my country, I will kill you,” he said in a televised public address on Monday night. “Do not destroy the youth of the land.”

At least 122 children were killed in the government’s deadly drug war between July 2016 and Dec. 2019, according to the World Organization Against Torture.

Government data showed that authorities have killed 6,117 people supposedly involved in the illegal drug trade since Mr. Duterte assumed the presidency in 2016.

Tens of thousands of drug suspects may have been killed in police anti-drug operations, according to the United Nations.

Ms. Bensouda said “any authorized investigation” into the Philippine drug war will fall to her successor, Karim Khan, as her term is set to end this month.

DFA said the move of the prosecutor before she ends her term “preempts the prerogative of her successor” to conduct a full evaluation of cases. — with reports from Vann Marlo M. Villegas and Bianca Angelica D. Añago

SC orders Marcos ally to pay P1B + interest over nuclear plant

PHILSTAR

THE SUPREME Court (SC) on Monday ordered businessman Herminio T. Disini, a known associate of the late dictator Ferdinand E. Marcos, to pay the Philippine government P1.1 billion for damages in connection with his role in the awarding of the contract for the mothballed Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP) project in the 1970s.

The high court’s decision, with a unanimous vote of 12-0 with two inhibitions,  is a modification of the anti-graft court Sandiganbayan’s 2012 decision on the case, which ordered Mr. Disini to pay $50.6 million or P2.4 billion, the supposed value of his commissions in sealing the project contract that was awarded to Westinghouse Electrical Corporation.

The Supreme Court said the Sandiganbayan “erred in relying on a piece of photocopied document which was not substantiated as a secondary evidence, and which purportedly showed that (Mr.) Disini received US$50 Million in commissions.”

Nonetheless, the high court said the testimonial and documentary evidence of the Philippine government through the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG) proved that Mr. Disini unfairly benefited at the expense of the Filipino people and of the Republic of the Philippines.

The new P1.1 billion monetary awards, the court said, “shall earn legal interest at the rate of 6% per annum from the finality of this Decision until its satisfaction.”

The decision was written by Associate Justice Ramon Paul L. Hernando.

Chief Justice Alexander G. Gesmundo and Associate Justice Amy Lazaro-Javier inhibited from the case as they “had lawyered for the PCGG in the past when they were still with the (Office of the Solicitor General),” according to SC spokesman Brian Keith F. Hosaka.

In 1987, the PCGG filed a complaint before the Sandiganbayan “for restitution and damages” against Mr. Disini, the late former president and his wife Imelda Marcos for allegedly receiving a commission of 3% of the contract price for the nuclear power plant project.

The anti-graft Court found Mr. Disini guilty but absolved the Marcos couple. — Bianca Angelica D. Añago

Another P25B needed to vaccinate minors, says Finance chief

FINANCE Secretary Carlos G. Dominguez III said an additional P25 billion might be needed to buy coronavirus vaccines for minors, or those between 12 to 17 years old.

He told the Senate Committee of the Whole hearing on Tuesday that the country currently has a total budget of P88.6 billion for vaccines, enough to procure about 148 million doses and inoculate 70 million Filipinos or all of the adult population.

“At the moment, we have the money to fully scale up our vaccination program to the end of the current year,” he said.

Mr. Dominguez said they are also preparing for the purchase of booster shots of one dose for around 85 million adults and teenagers which could cost around P60 billion.

“The proposal is to include such supplemental amounts in the 2022 budget,” he said.

Meanwhile, Trade Secretary Ramon M. Lopez said allowing vaccinated minors to leave their homes is now being discussed by the government’s policy makers.

They could be gradually allowed to go outside after they have been vaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Mr. Lopez told Radyo Pilipinas on Tuesday.

“That is already being discussed so that means, perhaps, they can be scheduled for vaccination next,” Mr. Lopez said in Filipino.

Fully-vaccinated senior citizens have recently been allowed to leave their homes, although travel is restricted to areas under the two most relaxed quarantine levels.

The local regulator has approved the use of the Pfizer jab for adolescents in the Philippines. The Health department, however, said the country will still focus on inoculating priority sectors while supplies are low.

VACCINE DELIVERIES
Vaccine czar Carlito G. Galvez, Jr. said during the Senate hearing Tuesday that the country is expecting the delivery of 6.4 million doses of vaccines in the remaining weeks of June.

Mr. Galvez said in his presentation that 1.5 million doses form Sinovac Biotech Ltd. will arrive on June 17 and another one million doses on June 24.

Another 1.5 million doses from Sinovac will also arrive within the month but there is no specific date yet, he said.

A total of 250,000 doses from Moderna will arrive on June 25 and some two million doses from AstraZeneca in the third week of June. Also expected within the month are 150,000 doses of Sputnik V.

“For these coming weeks, we are expecting to receive 6.4 million vaccines,” Mr. Galvez said.

For July, about 11.67 million doses are expected, 4.5 million of which are from Sinovac. Another four million will come from the global initiative for equitable access to vaccines under the World Health Organization or the COVAX facility, one million doses from Moderna, 1.17 million from AstraZeneca, and one million from Sputnik V.

Mr. Galvez said that by the end of the second quarter, the Philippines would have received 30.8 million doses. For the third and fourth quarters, the country is expected to receive an average of 15 to 20 million per month.

The Philippines recently received 2.2 million Pfizer doses from the COVAX global facility.

Japanese Ambassador to the Philippines Kazuhiko Koshikawa tweeted on Tuesday that Japan will donate AstraZeneca vaccines to the country.

“Glad to be the bearer of good news today! Japan will donate AstraZeneca vaccines to the Philippines, and we’ll make sure to deliver them at the soonest possible time so no one gets left behind during this pandemic,” he said in a tweet.

Mr. Dominguez also said in the hearing that Japan Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi announced that they will donate Japan-made AstraZeneca vaccines to some countries including the Philippines, but they have not been informed yet on the number of doses.

CASE TALLY
Meanwhile, the Department of Health reported 5,389 coronavirus infections on Tuesday, bringing the total to 1.3 million.

The death toll rose by 118 to 22,963, while recoveries increased by 6,667 to 1.2 million, it said in a bulletin.

There were 58,063 active cases, 1.3% of which were critical, 91.8% were mild, 3.8% did not show symptoms, 1.8% were severe and 1.30% were moderate.

About 13.3 million Filipinos have been tested for the coronavirus as of June 13, according to the Health department’s tracker website.

Mr. Galvez said more than seven million vaccine doses had been administered as of June 14, with around 1.9 million individuals who had been fully vaccinated. — Vann Marlo M. Villegas with a report from Jenina P. Ibañez

US Embassy welcomes deferment of VFA termination 

PHILIPPINE STAR/KRIZJOHN ROSALES

THE United States Embassy in the Philippines on Tuesday welcomed President Rodrigo R. Duterte’s postponement on the termination of a military agreement between the two countries by another six months.  

“Our alliance continues to contribute not only to the security of our two nations, but also strengthens the rules-based order that benefits all nations in the Indo-Pacific,” it said in a statement.  

Foreign Affairs Secretary Teodoro L. Locsin, Jr. in a video message late Monday said Mr. Duterte decided to extend his order to suspend the termination of the  

visiting forces agreement (VFA), which involves the deployment of troops for joint drills.  

Mr. Duterte in February last year said he would terminate the VFA after the US Embassy cancelled the visa of his ally, Senator Ronald M. de la Rosa. 

He suspended the abrogation for six months in June, citing heightened tensions in the region and that it was a distraction to the countries’ anti-coronavirus efforts. It was suspended anew for another six months in December.  

Philippine Ambassador to the US Jose Manuel G. Romualdez, in a briefing on June 4, said the two nations spent a lot of time to discuss how to improve the pact. He also said that the agreement is “kind of a bigger picture of our relationship, especially in our Mutual Defense Treaty.”  

US Embassy in the Philippines Chargé d’Affaires John Law said in the same briefing that the VFA “has been a fundamental part of helping make the Mutual Defense Treaty successful.” — Vann Marlo M. Villegas 

PHL, other nations should question China’s coast guard law — Carpio  

PHIL COAST GUARD

THE PHILIPPINES and other nations should question China’s recent law allowing its maritime forces to fire at foreign vessels in the South China Sea,   including those in disputed waters, according to a retired Supreme Court senior associate justice.   

China’s coast guard law is a “grave threat” to the continuance of the law of the sea and to world peace, retired Senior Associate Justice Antonio T. Carpio said during a webinar of the Center for Strategic and International Studies on Tuesday.  

“The coast guard law violates international law because it allows China to use force in waters beyond its jurisdiction. The world must seek the invalidation of China’s new coast guard law before relevant international tribunals,” Mr. Carpio said.   

Mr. Carpio also cited the declining reserves in the country’s Malampaya gas field situated in Palawan — which accounts for 20% of the country’s total electricity needs — as one of the reasons why actions should be taken against China’s coast guard law.   

He said the Philippines will have to make a move to get the gas reserves in Reed Bank located within the country’s exclusive economic zone (EEZ).  

He cited that neighboring countries such as Vietnam and Malaysia are also looking to explore and exploit gas reserves within their respective EEZs.    

“In the next two to five years, there will be a situation where the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Indonesia will be exploring for gas or oil within the nine-dash line claim of China. As a result, China will have to decide whether to enforce its coast guard law or not,” Mr. Carpio said.   

“I think there will be an incident because even in the absence of a coast guard law, we already have standoffs. Before that incident arises, let’s find a way to question the coast guard law of China before an international tribunal to strengthen our position,” he added.    

A ruling in 2016 rejected China’s claim to more than 80% of the South China Sea based on its nine-dash line drawn on a 1940s map. China, however, has refused to recognize the ruling and has intensified presence in disputed areas.   

The Philippines has filed several diplomatic protests against the incursions. — Revin Mikhael D. Ochave   

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