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Negative thoughts

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OPTIMISTS seem to be defined as people who have a positive outlook on life. What drives their actions is the thought that things will turn out positively — stocks they hold will move positively, careers they’re in will move up, and changes in life will be about addition, not subtraction.

Negative thoughts are often dismissed as inappropriate.

A boss who is always shooting down proposals because of doubts and perceived risks is considered “too negative.” A person always posing obstacles and challenges to any initiative is considered “nega.” Bad vibes accompany him like a dark cloud.

Is negativity always unwelcome?

In medicine, negative results are welcomed with a sigh of relief, followed by a big celebration. Tests are done on lumps in the body or X-rays are taken of one’s lungs. The best news a doctor can give his nervous patient is that the results turned out to be negative — that the suspected condition is not present. (It’s just muscle tightness.)

For travelers, the customs office of a country provides a negative list. These are items that are not allowed entry. Anything else outside the list is allowed.

Still, being negative is the opposite of affirming and supportive.

Advertising sometimes does comparative demonstrations of products to highlight the advantages of its client’s offering. The ad may not mention the other brand by name, except maybe as “Brand X.” The negative comparison is intended to highlight the positive attributes of the brand being endorsed.

The cosmetic industry too uses a “before” and “after” presentation of its product or service. The negative features in the former are replaced by glowing improvements “after” the treatment.

Negative campaigning in politics is publicly denounced as inappropriate. Still, the negative attack is embraced as a way out of low ratings in the polls. “Opposition research” is intended to flush out all the negatives about a candidate, even going to the extent of manufacturing non-existent problems. Even candidates themselves use oppo research to check for their vulnerable spots.

Demolition jobs are not just for building construction.

Negative thinking is quite prevalent. Why are objects defined by what they are not? History and current affairs are referred to as “non-fiction.” Fresh faces in politics that have no chance of winning the election even when they are surging in the surveys are called “non-traditional.” Healthy food is not nutritious but “non-fattening.”

Even the commandments are mostly expressed in prohibitions (Thou shalt not kill) rather than encouragement — honor thy father and thy mother.

People define themselves by what they don’t like. Hate objects are specified and categorized as hate objects. CEOs are known for what irritates them — do not call him on his golf day. He is pissed off by tardiness. Getting along entails avoiding negative traits that are known to be “pet peeves.”

Architects interview customers and elicit only what they abhor. Shown a home design, the negative thinker can pick the nits and say that there are too many arches, or the shelves are too small. Maybe the design of the windows makes the rooms too shadowy. But asked what design the client has in mind, she draws a blank. In the construction stage for such a client, there are continuous change orders, with walls being torn down and floors ripped up, even before the cement has dried. Of course, this adds to the project cost.

The default position in politics is to launch attacks on everyone in the guise of promoting the public good. Crusading types claim to represent the little people in their fight against corruption and abuse of power. What attributes do they like? Is it better to give a negative list of what to avoid?

A negative list, because it is always shorter, seems easier to remember and follow. With a diet, food types to avoid (high fat, sugar, carbo) are a small slice of the food pyramid. Food not on the null list is therefore allowed. Rules for visa application (must not have a reason to stay indefinitely) or literary contests (must not have been previously published) also tend to be negatively phrased.

For organizations and high-profile individuals always covered by media, no news is good news. Negative thoughts have entered social discourse. When asked how our day has gone, the best answer is a double negative… not bad.

 

Tony Samson is chairman and CEO of TOUCH xda

ar.samson@yahoo.com

How much did each commodity group contribute to January inflation?

How much did each commodity group contribute to January inflation?

Juliette Binoche to head Cannes Film Festival jury

COMMONS.WIKIMEDIA.ORG

PARIS — Juliette Binoche, who won an Oscar for her portrayal of a nurse in The English Patient, was named as jury president for the 2025 Cannes Film Festival on Tuesday.

Ms. Binoche had her first major role in André Téchiné’s Rendez-vous, which premiered in Cannes in 1985.

“In 1985, I walked up the steps for the first time with the enthusiasm and uncertainty of a young actress,” Ms. Binoche was quoted in the festival statement as saying.

“I never imagined I’d return 40 years later in the honorary role of president of the jury. I appreciate the privilege, the responsibility, and the absolute need for humility.”

Ms. Binoche has won awards at Europe’s three biggest film festivals: Cannes, Venice, and Berlin. In Cannes, she won the award for Best Actress in 2010, for her role as an antiques dealer in Abbas Kiarostami’s Certified Copy.

Ms. Binoche will succeed Barbie director Greta Gerwig, who served as jury president last year.

The 78th Cannes Film Festival runs from May 13 until May 24. — Reuters

PSALM to open new bidding CBK hydropower complex

CBKPOWER.COM

STATE-RUN Power Sector Assets and Liabilities Management (PSALM) Corp. said it will initiate a rebidding process for the privatization of the Caliraya-Botocan-Kalayaan (CBK) hydroelectric power plant (HEPP) complex.

In an announcement posted on its Facebook page, PSALM said it will hold a new bidding “to optimize the assets to be privatized and provide maximum value to its stakeholders.”

“PSALM hopes to attract significant interest from industry players and invites robust participation from potential bidders,” the company said.

The CBK hydro facilities are under a 25-year build-rehabilitate-operate-transfer and power purchase agreement between independent power producer CBK Power Co. Ltd. and National Power Corp. (NPC), which will expire in 2026. These facilities include the 39.37-megawatt (MW) Caliraya HEPP in Lumban, the 22.91-MW Botocan HEPP in Majayjay, and the 366-MW Kalayaan I and 368.36-MW Kalayaan II pumped-storage power plants in Laguna.

Asked for further details on the rebidding process, PSALM President and Chief Executive Officer Dennis Edward A. Dela Serna said that, given the short term of the independent power producer administrator (IPPA) contract, the company decided to proceed with a direct asset sale.

IPPAs are responsible for administering and managing the output from energy conversion agreements and power purchase agreements that NPC has entered into with independent power producers.

“We will proceed with the rebidding via a competitive bidding process. One month prior to the bid date is the target release date for the minimum bid price,” Mr. Dela Serna said.

The Department of Energy earlier indicated that the auction is scheduled for April, a step back from the previously planned 2024 timeline.

Energy Secretary Raphael P.M. Lotilla cited the delay as stemming from the pending issuance of the pricing methodology for the third green energy auction (GEA-3) set for next month, which will also include pumped-storage hydro capacities.

The government awaited the pricing scheme for GEA-3 to avoid affecting the value of the CBK hydropower plant complex.

In a pre-proposal conference in July 2024, five energy firms participated, including Marubeni Corp., Semirara Mining and Power Corp., Thunder Consortium, First Gen Prime Energy Corp., and Giga Ace 11, Inc.

Thunder Consortium comprises Aboitiz Renewables, Inc., Electric Power Development Co., and Sumitomo Corp.

The government expects the CBK privatization to generate up to P100 billion.

PSALM was created under Republic Act No. 9136, or the Electric Power Industry Reform Act of 2001, to oversee the privatization of NPC generation assets, liabilities, independent power producer contracts, real estate assets, and other disposable assets. Its corporate life is set to expire in June 2026, 25 years after the effectivity of the Electric Power Industry Reform Act. Should PSALM be dissolved, all of its assets and liabilities will revert to the National Government. — Sheldeen Joy Talavera

BSP sets data collection guidelines

BW FILE PHOTO

THE BANGKO SENTRAL ng Pilipinas (BSP) has approved a circular detailing the guidelines for the submission of data requested by the regulator for statistical and policy development purposes.

In a circular posted on its website, the central bank said the Monetary Board approved guidelines for the implementation of Section 23 of Republic Act (RA) No. 7653, as amended, to ensure the “accurate and timely” submission of the required data.

“The mandates of the BSP are to promote and maintain price stability and financial stability, a strong financial system, and a safe and efficient payments and settlements system conducive to a sustainable and inclusive growth of the economy. The attainment of these mandates is founded on accurate, timely, and relevant data/information, which are used in the formulation of evidence-based policies. In view of the foregoing, it is important that data obtained by the BSP from economic agents are complete, accurate, consistent, reliable, and timely,” the BSP said.

“To carry out its authority to require any data from any person or entity, the BSP through the governor or in his absence, a duly authorized representative, shall have the power to issue a data request or a subpoena for the production of books and records for statistical and policy development purposes,” it said.

The guidelines will apply to any person or entity, including government offices and or government-owned or -controlled corporations that shall be requested by the BSP to provide data.

These data requests include reports and surveys on monetary and economic matters, including related statistics, such as on government and corporate borrowings; financial supervision; financial inclusion; consumer protection; and systemic risk surveillance, among others.

“All submissions to the BSP must be complete, accurate, consistent, reliable, and timely to be considered compliant with the BSP standards. To ensure completeness, accuracy, and correctness, submissions should be reviewed and validated by the respondent individuals and entities prior to transmittal to the BSP. The submissions must conform to the standards to be prescribed by the BSP in the data request. Submissions with incomplete schedules or attachments shall be considered non-compliant with the BSP standards,” the central bank said. — Luisa Maria Jacinta C. Jocson

How PSEi member stocks performed — February 5, 2025

Here’s a quick glance at how PSEi stocks fared on Wednesday, February 5, 2025.


Stocks extend rally as CPI data boost BSP cut bets

BW FILE PHOTO

PHILIPPINE SHARES surged on Wednesday, with the bellwether rising to the 6,200 level, on continued bargain hunting and as inflation was steady in January, which would support further rate cuts by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP).

The Philippine Stock Exchange index (PSEi) jumped by 3.15% or 192.02 points to close at 6,281.08 on Wednesday, while the broader all shares index rose by 2.17% or 78.73 points to 3,696.66.

“The local market extended its rally this Wednesday as investors continued with their bargain hunting,” Philstocks Financial, Inc. Senior Research Analyst Japhet Louis O. Tantiangco said in a Viber message. “Investors also cheered the Philippines’ January inflation figure, which came in at 2.9%. The tamed inflation number sets expectations that the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas will continue with their monetary policy easing.”

“Philippine shares made another furious comeback as the latest CPI (consumer price index) came within many analysts’ expectations, paving the way for more leeway for the BSP to time the cutting of interest rates,” Regina Capital Development Corp. Head of Sales Luis A. Limlingan said in a Viber message.

The January CPI of 2.9% was steady from December but up from 2.8% in the same month in 2024, the Philippine Statistics Authority reported on Wednesday.

This was within the BSP’s 2.5%-3.3% forecast for the month but was a tad higher than the 2.8% median estimate in a BusinessWorld poll of 16 analysts.

The BSP said following the data release that it will continue to monitor risks to the inflation outlook and maintain a “measured approach” to policy easing.

BSP Governor Eli M. Remolona, Jr. last week said that a rate cut is “on the table” at the Monetary Board’s Feb. 13 policy meeting, adding that they may slash benchmark interest rates by a cumulative 50 basis points (bps) this year in a gradual manner as “policy insurance” against risks.

The BSP has cut borrowing costs by 75 bps since kicking off its easing cycle in August last year, bringing the policy rate to 5.75%.

“Sentiment also received an additional push as Wall Street edged higher on Tuesday as investors sought stability amid fresh global trade developments,” Mr. Limlingan added.

All sectoral indices closed in the green on Wednesday. Property surged by 4.80% or 110.38 points to 2,405.82; holding firms went up by 4.09% or 205.04 points to 5,216.62; industrials leaped by 2.53% or 213.87 points to 8,667.06; mining and oil rose by 2.39% or 171.23 points to 7,328.26; services climbed by 2.19% or 44.2 points to 2,059.16; and financials jumped by 1.68% or 38.21 points to 2,304.88.

Value turnover increased to P7.50 billion with 673.73 million shares exchanged from the P7.35 billion with 700.47 million issues traded on Tuesday.

Advancers beat decliners, 127 versus 68, while 50 names were unchanged.

Net foreign buying went up to P324.94 million on Wednesday from P47.6 million on Tuesday. — Revin Mikhael D. Ochave

Peso surges to over one-month high

BW FILE PHOTO

THE PESO rose to an over one-month high on Wednesday as the dollar dropped overnight following weak US job openings data and the delayed US import tariffs on Mexico and Canada.

The local unit closed at P58.095 per dollar on Wednesday, strengthening by 24.5 centavos from its P58.34 finish on Tuesday, Bankers Association of the Philippines data showed.

This was the peso’s best close in more than a month or since its P57.91-a-dollar finish on Jan. 2.

The local unit opened Wednesday’s session sharply stronger at P58.05 against the dollar. It touched the P57 level for the first time in over a month, with its intraday best at P57.98. Meanwhile, its worst showing was at just P58.135 versus the greenback.

Dollars exchanged went down to $1.82 billion on Wednesday from $2.13 billion on Tuesday.

The peso “tracked the dollar’s weakness overnight due to lower jobs data and the delay of tariffs over Mexico and Canada,” a trader said by phone.

The Labor department’s Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey, or JOLTS report, on Tuesday showed there were 1.1 job openings for every unemployed person, down from 1.15 in November, Reuters reported.

Job openings, a measure of labor demand, had decreased 556,000 to 7.6 million by the last day of December, the Labor department’s Bureau of Labor Statistics said. The decline was the largest since October 2023.

The peso was also boosted by data showing that Philippine headline inflation was steady in January, Rizal Commercial Banking Corp. Chief Economist Michael L. Ricafort said in a Viber message. The consumer price index rose 2.9% year on year in January, steady from December. This was within the central bank’s 2.5%-3.3% forecast for the month.

For Thursday, the trader expects the peso to move between P57.90 and P58.40 per dollar, while Mr. Ricafort sees it ranging from P57.95 to P58.15. — A.M.C. Sy with Reuters

House impeaches VP Duterte, paves the way for her trial by Senate court

VICE-PRESIDENT SARA DUTERTE-CARPIO — FACEBOOK.COM/MAYORINDAYSARADUTERTEOFFICIAL

By Kenneth Christiane L. Basilio, Reporter

THE House of Representatives on Wednesday impeached Philippine Vice-President (VP) Sara Duterte-Carpio for alleged abuse of power and constitutional violations stemming from her use of confidential funds, paving the way for her trial by the Senate.

The impeachment complaint against Ms. Duterte, daughter of former President Rodrigo R. Duterte, was filed and signed by 215 congressmen, more than the one-third legal requirement before it can be sent to the 23-member Senate, which will try her as an impeachment court. Several congressmen will act as prosecutors.

The House delivered a quick and stunning blow against the estranged vice-president, who has denied wrongdoing, allowing it to send the ouster charges immediately to the Senate without further hearings.

Her office did not immediately reply to separate Viber message and e-mail seeking comment.

“The undersigned members of the House of Representatives, comprising at least one-third of the lower chamber of the 19th Congress, and as representatives of the Filipino people, cannot, and will not remain silent or indifferent,” according to a copy of the complaint.

Her impeachment is a major setback for the influential Duterte family, whose popularity grew rapidly after Rodrigo R. Duterte was swept to power in 2016 as a maverick, crime-busting mayor. As President, he upended Philippine foreign policy and launched a drug war that killed thousands.

Ms. Duterte is the fourth Philippine official to be impeached or charged with misconduct after ex-President Joseph E. Estrada in 2000, Ombudsman Merceditas Gutierrez in March 2011 and Chief Justice Renato Corona in December 2011.

Mr. Estrada and Mr. Corona were both convicted and removed from office by the Senate on corruption charges, while Ms. Gutierrez resigned before she could be tried. Chief Justice Maria Lourdes P.A. Sereno was ousted by the Supreme Court in 2018 amid impeachment proceedings before a House committee.

Congressmen sent the bill of the impeachment complaint to the Senate on the last day of the congressional session, before lawmakers take a four-month break for the midterm elections in May. Filipinos will pick a new set of congressmen, 12 of the 24-member Senate and other local government officials on May 12.

President Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr. could call for a special session to allow the Senate to hold the impeachment trial despite being on a legislative break, according to the 1987 Constitution.

The ouster charges consisted of seven articles of impeachment, including allegations of plotting the assassination of the President, misusing secret funds, amassing unexplained wealth and committing acts of destabilization.

‘WOEFULLY SHORT’
“Respondent Ms. Duterte’s conduct throughout her tenure clearly displays gross faithlessness against public trust and a tyrannical abuse of power that, taken together, showcases her gross unfitness to hold public office and her infidelity to the laws and the 1987 Constitution,” according to a copy of the complaint.

“She has not only conducted herself in a manner contrary to, and woefully short of the lofty standards to which we hold our public officials, she has also clearly and blatantly committed culpable violations of the Constitution, betrayed the public trust, engaged in graft and corruption and committed other high crimes.”

“This is about upholding the Constitution and ensuring that no public official, regardless of their position, is above the law,” Speaker Ferdinand Martin G. Romualdez said in a separate statement.

The Vice-President’s impeachment marks the peak in the escalating political conflict between two of the country’s most influential clans. The falling out of the Dutertes and Marcoses has resulted in the shattering of what was once a formidable political alliance that gave them landslide wins in the 2022 elections.

The quarrel between the Marcos and Duterte families reached a climax when Ms. Duterte in a November news briefing said she had hired an assassin to kill Mr. Marcos, his wife and the Speaker, in case she herself were killed. She later said her remarks had been taken out of context.

The President has dissuaded the House from pursuing her impeachment.

The House should have acted on the impeachment complaints when they were first filed, said Arjan P. Aguirre, who teaches political science at the Ateneo de Manila University.

“Had they pushed this in December 2024, this would have at least had a veneer of legitimacy since it was pushed right after the filing of the first impeachment complaint,” he said in a Facebook Messenger chat.

Civil society groups, activists and clergymen separately slapped Ms. Duterte with three impeachment complaints in December. They accused her of betraying the public trust arising for her alleged misuse of P612.5 million worth of confidential and intelligence funds.

“It will be easy for critics, and even Ms. Duterte herself to question the motive of such a sudden decision to proceed with the impeachment,” Mr. Aguirre said.

He added that the House leadership, led by Mr. Romualdez, the President’s cousin, pushed Ms. Duterte’s impeachment in the absence of a “clear successor” to Mr. Marcos for the 2028 presidential election.

“We urge that the trial be promptly scheduled in the Senate,” Neri J. Colmenares, a party-list nominee in the midterm elections, said in a statement after Ms. Duterte’s impeachment.

Senators are likely lukewarm to the idea of convicting Ms. Duterte, Mr. Aguirre said. “They cannot afford to antagonize Ms. Duterte, who is a presidential contender.”

The Dutertes have some allies in the Senate, including Mr. Duterte’s ex-police chief and former chief presidential aide. At least 16 votes are needed to convict her.

Her trial could give reelectionists a platform where they could either appeal to her supporters or detractors, Anthony Lawrence A. Borja, an associate political science professor at De La Salle University, said in a Facebook Messenger chat.

A January Social Weather Stations poll found that four of 10 Filipinos support efforts to remove Ms. Duterte from office. — with Norman P. Aquino

New PhilHealth chief seeks faster processing of claims

PHILIPPINE STAR/MIGUEL DE GUZMAN

By John Victor D. Ordoñez, Reporter

THE newly appointed chief of the Philippine Health Insurance Corp. (PhilHealth) on Wednesday vowed to speed up the processing of healthcare claims and expand the benefits for members, calling systemic problems of the agency as “illnesses” that should be treated.

“Hopefully, we can release new procedures to identify the causes and expedite minor issues,” PhilHealth President and Chief Executive Officer Edwin M. Mercado told a news briefing at the presidential palace in mixed English and Filipino.

“This will not only be prospective but also retroactive. We will review the old denied claims and determine what can be paid if the basis is set in compliance with Commission on Audit (CoA) rules,” he added.

Mr. Mercado, a US-trained orthopedic surgeon with 35 years of experience in hospital management, replaced Emmanuel R. Ledesma, Jr., who was criticized for failing to increase members’ benefits even after the agency declared excess funds worth P90 billion.

In October, the Supreme Court  blocked the transfer of P29.9 billion — the last tranche of PhilHealth’s P89.9 billion in excess funds — to the national Treasury.

Mr. Mercado got his medical degree from the University of the Philippines in 1987 and a master’s degree in medical sciences at Harvard Medical School in 2023.

He was also a lecturer at the Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health on medical research methods and implementation science.

The surgeon has been a fellow at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Global Health Equity since July 2023, where he studies the use of artificial intelligence as a tool for community health workers.

Congress in December stripped PhilHealth of P74 billion in subsidy this year, citing its nearly P90-billion reserve funds that could be used to increase members’ benefits.

Senator Joseph Victor G. Ejercito, the primary author of the Universal Health Care Act, urged the new PhilHealth chief to avoid treating the agency as a private, profit-driven corporation and focus on reducing the out-of-pocket medical costs borne by Filipinos.

“PhilHealth’s coverage of every Filipino’s hospital and medical expenses must significantly improve in line with universal healthcare’s vision of reducing out-of-pocket costs to ease the burden on every family,” he said in a statement.

In August, the Senate passed on final reading a bill that seeks to cut PhilHealth premiums to 3.25% this year from 5% last year under the Universal Health Care Act.

It sets PhilHealth premium contributions at 3.25% for those with a monthly income of P10,000 to P50,000, with incremental increases of 0.25% each year

Mr. Mercado said he seeks to work with other agencies with robust information technology systems (IT) to boost the agency’s digital infrastructure.

“Shifting to a new system is not easy, as I experienced when I was running a chain of hospitals,” he said. “The go-live, when everyone transitions to the new system, involves a lot of debugging — it can take years; but we will prioritize immediate aspects like claims adjudication.”

Senator urges Marcos to certify minimum wage hike bill as urgent

BW FILE PHOTO

A SENATOR on Wednesday urged President Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr. to certify as urgent bills that seek to raise the minimum wage to help Filipinos cope with spiraling prices.

“Minimum wages should keep up with the rising prices of goods, transportation and monthly bills,” Senator Ana Theresia N. Hontiveros-Baraquel said in a statement. “Nothing is more urgent than raising our workers’ wages.”

This comes after the House of Representatives approved on second reading a bill that seeks to give minimum wage workers a P200 daily increase.

Congressmen passed House Bill No. 11376, which is a departure from the across-the-board hike for private sector workers endorsed by the House labor committee.

Philippine minimum wages are set by regional wage boards, which drew criticism from lawmakers due to what they perceive as its slow and meager increases amid rising prices. The Senate approved a counterpart bill for a P100 daily wage increase for private-sector workers in February last year.

“The daily rate of all minimum wage workers in the private sector, regardless of employment status, including those in contractual and sub-contractual arrangements, whether agricultural or nonagricultural, shall be increased by P200,” according to a copy of the House bill.

Microenterprises in the service sector including retail with 10 workers or fewer may apply for an exemption from the proposed wage increase.

“There is still a need to push for a P1,200 daily living wage. Filipino workers deserve a decent salary that truly meets their needs,” Ms. Hontiveros said.

The Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PCCI) on Monday opposed the measure, saying Congress should leave wage decisions to regional wage boards and citing a potential rise in labor costs.

“For some businesses, particularly those in low-margin industries like retail, hospitality and agri-food, the wage increase forces them to pass on the cost to consumers,” PCCI President Enunina V. Mangio said in a statement.

The Regional Tripartite Wages and Productivity Board of the National Capital Region in July last year approved a P35 minimum wage hike for workers in Metro Manila, bringing the daily pay for nonagricultural workers to P645.

This was way lower than the petitions filed by labor groups seeking monthly pay increases of P597 to P750.

A Filipino family of five needs at least P13,797 a month or P460 a day to meet their basic needs, according to the Philippine Statistics Authority. — John Victor D. Ordoñez

Removal of U-turn slots on C5 road ‘approved in principle,’ MMDA says

PHILSTAR FILE PHOTO

PRESIDENT FERDINAND R. Marcos, Jr. has “approved in principle” a proposal to remove U-turn slots on C5 road along Kalayaan Avenue Interchange to improve the traffic flow in Metro Manila, according to the Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA).

At a Palace briefing on Wednesday, MMDA Chairman Romando S. Artes said his agency met with the President on Tuesday to discuss the government’s five-year traffic management plan as well as plans to start the rehabilitation of the Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) by March.

“Well, we first need to study the traffic management plan in the area because we might need to install a stoplight in case, and then, the budgeting for the underpass construction,” he said in a mixed English and Filipino.

The MMDA chief said the five-year Comprehensive Traffic Management Plan includes upgrading traffic regulation and enforcement, developing a traffic management database, upgrading the traffic signal system, and improving intersections and traffic corridors.

He added that the agency was mulling the phase out of the EDSA bus lane to “free up space” in the highway.

“If the passengers can be accommodated at the top, on the train, we don’t see the need to have a bus because it’s exactly the same route. In fact, the train is more advantageous because it has more stops than the bus carousel,” the official said in mixed English and Filipino.

Manila was the 14th most congested city in the world, with an average travel time of 32 minutes, according to the latest edition of the TomTom Traffic Index.

The index assessed cities and metropolitan areas across 62 countries by their congestion and travel times and how many hours commuters stuck in traffic have lost. — John Victor D. Ordoñez