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Mindful, strategic technology usage needed among youth

PHILIPPINE STAR/MIGUEL DE GUZMAN

YOUNG INDIVIDUALS must be mindful and strategic in using modern technology to better manage their mental health, according to experts.

While going online is regarded a way to manage emotions, digital addiction can increase the risk of developing social and behavioral issues among young people, a research article from the University of Melbourne titled “Your Phone, Your Emotions and Everyday Life” said.

“Technologies like social media are by no means universally helpful. They certainly can and do cause problems,” it said.

“Attempts to mitigate technology overuse should include education about alternative, healthy ways to manage emotion,” it added.

Filipinos aged 18 to 24 years old comprise 30.6% of total social media users in the country, according to analytics from intelligence firm Meltwater.

Data from the University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI) showed about 1.5 million Filipino youth aged 15 to 24 have considered ending their life.

This was equivalent to 7.5% of the demographic in 2021, from 3% or about 547,000 in 2013, according to the UPPI Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study.

It added that six in 10 kept their mental health condition to themselves, with only 25% seeking help from close friends or peers.

“For some, scrolling on social media, watching videos online and playing games are ways to de-stress after school or work and before moving on to other tasks for the day,” Monash University said.

“The problem is when the supposedly occasional, short, fun online session becomes frequent and longer and then turns into an addiction, which can cause sleep deprivation, stress, anxiety, and depression,” it added.

Craig Hassed, deputy director of Monash Centre for Consciousness and Contemplative Studies, urged “mindfulness, strategic, and guided technology and Internet use” among the youth to curb this.

“Depending on your level of motivation, carve out 5, 10, 15, or 20 minutes twice a day to practice mindfulness meditation,” he said. “Call these full stops punctuating your day.”

“As often as you remember, between the completion of one activity and the commencement of another, have mini-meditations of 5, 10, 20, 30, or 60 seconds. Call these commas punctuating your day,” he added.

These breaks can help the youth be conscious of their well-being and not be too reliant on digital tools, Mr. Hassed said.

Chris Bain, professor of practice in digital health at Monash University, also noted the importance of seeking support from family in times of both distress and joy.

“Knowing there are people with whom they can share their confusions, frustrations, and problems can spell a difference as it makes them feel seen and heard and therefore important,” he said.

The University of Melbourne said young people need to include “digital emotional intelligence” in digital skills education to address the issue. — Miguel Hanz L. Antivola

Shakespeare’s portrait sent to edge of space to mark 400 years of First Folio

JACK JEWERS (@JACKJEWERS) / X (TWITTER.COM)

LONDON — A portrait of William Shakespeare and a copy of a speech from A Midsummer Night’s Dream were sent to the edge of space as part of a short film series marking 400 years since the first volume of the playwright’s works was published.

Shakespeare’s First Folio was compiled by his friends and published on Nov. 8, 1623, seven years after his death. Some 750 copies are believed to have been printed, containing 36 of the 37 plays Shakespeare wrote, arranged for the first time as comedies, tragedies, and histories.

To mark the anniversary, filmmaker Jack Jewers made six short films addressing contemporary themes including space exploration, the impact of the COVID pandemic, and the war in Ukraine using six of Shakespeare’s speeches and poems.

In Lovers and Madmen, narrated by actor Tom Baker, he attached the portrait and text to a weather balloon, sending them to the Earth’s upper atmosphere.

“A tiny copy of the speech we used, which is ‘The Lovers and Madmen’ speech from Midsummer Night’s Dream, (was) inserted into the portrait,” Jewers told Reuters.

“I like the idea of Shakespeare’s words floating in space along with his image.”

“The Stranger’s Case” features a speech Shakespeare contributed to an unperformed play alongside footage of refugees at sea.

“What really struck me when I was kind of doing a deep dive into the bits of his work that I wanted to focus on was how the issues he wrote about still felt so contemporary,” Jewers said.

“‘The Stranger’s Case’ (speech) … feels so modern that whenever anybody hears this, they go ‘well, this could be today’.”

The First Folio is considered one of the most important books in English literature. Without it, 18 plays, including Macbeth, would have been lost.

“(Shakespeare’s) fellow actors, theater company owners, decided to pull that material together and produce the kind of testament to their former colleague, to the greatest playwright that they had certainly ever worked with,” said Will Tosh, head of research at Shakespeare’s Globe theater in London.

“And as it turned out, the greatest playwright in the English language.” — Reuters

Philippines slips further in talent competitiveness list

THE PHILIPPINES has dropped four spots in an index that ranked countries based on their ability to attract and retain talent. Read the full story.

Philippines slips further in talent competitiveness list

Stabilizing growth: Declining inflation and unemployment rates

TARA CLARK-UNSPLASH

(Part 1 of a series)

This column will produce another series, “Stabilizing growth” and focus on inflation and employment data of the Philippines compared to other major countries in Asia and the world. This is on top of the “Financing growth” and “Energizing growth” series.

The global economic environment continues to remain volatile and even worsening for many industrial countries. But two key economic indicators point to some improvement for the Philippines and Asia — declining inflation rates and unemployment rates.

This week the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) released the inflation rate for October 2023 — it is 4.9%, down from 6.1% in September 2023 and 7.7% in October 2022. And the unemployment rate for September 2023 is 4.5%, down from 4.8% in July 2023 and 5% in September 2022.

The top three contributors to the Philippines’ high inflation rate this year are Alcoholic beverages and tobacco (ABT), Food and non-alcoholic beverages, and Restaurants and accommodation services. So, one can say that high inflation is due to people going out more — eating out, partying, drinking, vacationing. Which could be indicators of high consumer confidence.

In the table below, I group the countries into three: in Group A are the G7 industrial countries, in Group B are the big South Asian economies, and in Group C are the big East Asian economies. The Philippines has the highest inflation rate this year among its neighbors in East Asia, and comparable to those in Italy and Germany. But our unemployment rate has declined by half from two years ago, from 8.9% in September 2021 to 4.9% this September. This is a good development.

High GDP growth with declining unemployment is a good trend. Kudos to the hardworking economic team of Finance Secretary Benjamin Diokno, Budget Secretary Amenah Pangandaman, and Economics Secretary Arsenio Balisacan. Next we can aim for an unemployment rate of below 4% in the coming months.

The PSA will release the 3rd quarter 2023 GDP data today; we will discuss it Tuesday next week. But things are worsening in the west and even in several Asian economies. For instance, when it comes to the average GDP growth for Q1-Q3 2022 to Q1-Q3 2023, the figures are: South Korea, 3.1% to 1.1%; Taiwan, 3.5% to 0.1%; Singapore, 4.2% to 0.5%; Malaysia, 9.2% to 3.9%; and Vietnam, 8.9% to 4.3%.

It is much worse in Europe. Over the same period, Germany went from 2.3% to -0.2%, Italy went from 4.7% to 0.8%, and France went from 3.2% to 0.9%.

If the Philippines grows by 4.9% in Q3 based on BusinessWorld’s poll of local economists, then the average Q1-Q3 growth will be 5.2%, much higher than all the countries mentioned above.

I like the optimism of Emilio “Jun” Neri and Michael Ricafort, chief economists of BPI and RCBC respectively, for their projection of 6% for Q3. I share their optimism and projection. See these reports in BusinessWorld: “GDP likely grew 4.9% in Q3 — poll” (Nov. 6), and “PHL on track to hit medium-term targets — Diokno” (Nov. 6).

We should focus on fast and sustained growth. More jobs and businesses for our people, less business pessimism and political waste.

 

Bienvenido S. Oplas, Jr. is the president of Bienvenido S. Oplas, Jr. Research Consultancy Services, and Minimal Government Thinkers. He is an international fellow of the Tholos Foundation.

minimalgovernment@gmail.com

JoyRide invests about P32M in ‘Super Taxi’

JOYRIDE Ecommerce Technologies Corp. has invested roughly P32 million for the pilot launch of its “Super Taxi” this year, the company’s top official said.

“Just to give you an idea, one unit of Veloz costs around P1.1 million plus the retrofitting cost, so that is around P1.3 million,” Jose Emmanuel M. Eala, senior vice-president for corporate affairs, said in a press briefing on Wednesday.

He said the investment includes the added technology enhancement.

JoyRide has deployed its 25 Super Taxis in Metro Manila, while it also plans to ramp up its fleet next year.

“JoyRide Super Taxi provides another efficient and dependable mode of public transport to commuters taxi service and elevating the public’s commuting experience standards,” Mr. Eala said.

JoyRide’s SuperTaxi is a metered service that can be booked through its app.

“With a mission to revolutionize the transportation landscape in the Philippines, JoyRide is committed to empowering commuters by providing accessible and innovative technology-driven mobility solutions,” JoyRide said.

Further, Mr. Eala said that the planned fleet expansion will depend on how soon Toyota can release the units, as the company’s SuperTaxi will use the carmaker’s Veloz unit.

“Our planned expansion already has fund allocations,” Mr. Eala said, adding that he is hoping to increase the current 25 units to a “level where the Super Taxi is accessible to the public.” — Ashley Erika O. Jose

BSP to keep policy settings ‘sufficiently tight’

THE BANGKO SENTRAL ng Pilipinas (BSP) will keep its policy settings “sufficiently tight” until inflation is seen to return within its 2-4% annual target, it said in a statement late on Tuesday.

“The Monetary Board deems it necessary to keep monetary policy settings sufficiently tight until inflation expectations are better anchored and a sustained downtrend in inflation becomes evident,” the BSP said following the October inflation release.

The central bank said it will consider the latest inflation outturn and third-quarter gross domestic product (GDP) data to be released on Thursday at its next policy meeting on Nov. 16.

“The BSP remains prepared to undertake further monetary policy action as necessary to prevent supply-side pressures on prices from leading to additional second-round effects and dislodging inflation expectations,” it said.

Headline inflation slowed to a three-month low of 4.9% in October from 6.1% in September and 7.7% in the same month in 2022. This was slower than the 5.7% median estimate in a BusinessWorld poll last week and below the BSP’s 5.1-5.9% forecast.

For the first 10 months, inflation averaged 6.4%, still above the BSP’s 5.8% forecast and 2-4% target for the year.

“The inflation path in the coming months is still seen to remain elevated with the 2024 central forecast shifting closer to the upper end of the inflation target range, indicating persistent price pressures,” the central bank said.

Risks to the outlook are also on the upside for this year up to 2025 amid the potential impact of higher transport fares, increased electricity rates, higher oil prices and minimum wage adjustments in areas outside Metro Manila.

“Meanwhile, the impact of a weaker-than-expected global recovery and successful implementation of government measures to mitigate the impact of El Niño weather conditions are possible primary downside risks to the outlook,” the BSP said.

“The BSP will continue to assess the data as they become available and determine the appropriate policy to bring inflation back within the target range without further delay, in keeping with its price stability mandate,” it added.

Meanwhile, Nomura Global Markets Research Chief ASEAN Economist Euben Paracuelles said in a note that inflation may average 6.2% this year and 3.8% in 2024.

Headline inflation may edge higher to 5.2% in November and December from the 4.9% in October, as food prices may still go up due to the El Niño weather phenomenon, he said.

However, core inflation may continue to decline amid waning demand-side pressures and a slower economic momentum.

“Base effects will start to become more favorable in the next few months, but similar to BSP’s assessment, headline inflation is unlikely to return to BSP’s 2-4% target until August,” Mr. Paracuelles said.

The BSP is unlikely to deliver another rate hike, he said.

“Overall, we believe BSP’s hiking cycle is over, with the current level of the policy rate of 6.5% remaining our forecast for the terminal rate in this hiking cycle,” he said.

Mr. Paracuelles added that the central bank will only start cutting borrowing costs in September 2024.

“This implies the total rate cuts BSP can deliver will be a smaller 75 bps (i.e., 25 bps in each of the remaining three meetings for 2024) versus our previous forecast of 150 bps. This takes our end-2024 forecast for the policy rate to 5.75% from 5% previously,” he said. — Keisha B. Ta-asan

Globe, Security Bank ink deal to improve cybersecurity

FREEPIK

SECURITY BANK Corp. has signed a memorandum of understanding with Globe Telecom, Inc. on data sharing to help boost cybersecurity initiatives amid increased financial cybercrime.

“An integral part of the BetterBanking promise we make to our customers is the safety and security of their personal and financial information when transacting. This holds especially true now given current fraud trends and increased adoption of digital payment channels,” Security Bank Chief Information Security Officer Albert P. dela Cruz said in a statement on Wednesday.

“Our partnership with Globe will help us secure the data of our clients and ensure they enjoy seamless, safe, and smooth digital payment experiences. This is one of our main initiatives towards driving the bank to be the most customer-centric bank in the Philippines,” he added.

The two-year agreement aims to enhance Globe and Security Bank’s capabilities to prevent financial crime and identity theft.

Globe has been partnering with commercial banks and online retailers to boost communication regarding cybercrime-related reports.

“Partnering with banks and financial institutions has greatly enhanced our fraud prevention, detection, and investigation efforts, leading to better customer protection. In the first half of the year, we have seen a dramatic 46% year-on-year decline in the volume of bank-related scam and spam messages blocked in our network, indicating that our efforts are making headway,” Globe Chief Privacy Officer Irish Salandanan-Almeida said.

“We are proud and excited to have Security Bank as our latest partner in our continuing fight against online fraud. As our network of partners grows bigger, we are able to stop more fraud attempts and expand our protection to more customers,” she added.

Globe has invested about $20 million in improving its detection and blocking for SMS spams and scams. — AMCS

Organic and slow food celebrated in Negros festivals

THE 16TH EDITION of the Negros Island Organic Farmers Festival is slated for Nov. 15 to 19 in Bacolod City, alongside the 1st Terra Madre Visayas which focuses on the idea of “slow food.” Both will be held at the Provincial Capitol grounds, North Capitol Road, Negros Residences, and the Food Terminal Market of Occidental Negros (FTMON).

The first Terra Madre Visayas is a partnership among the Slow Food Community of Negros, Senate President Pro Tempore Loren Legarda, Slow Food International, the National Commission for Culture and the Arts, the Department of Tourism, and the Provincial Government of Negros Occidental.

The event aims to unite food communities, the academe, youth delegates, and stakeholders to promote small-scale, traditional, and sustainable food production, according to Reena Gamboa, president of Slow Food Community of Negros Island.

Delegates from various Slow Food communities across the Visayas are slated to participate, alongside representatives from Slow Food International Italy, Director General Paolo di Croce and Director for Asia and the Pacific Elena Aniere.

The central theme, “Visayas: Food and Culture Biodiversity,” underscores the festival’s commitment to eco-friendly farming practices.

LONGEST RUNNING ORGANIC FEST
The provinces of Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental have hosted the Negros Island Organic Farmers Festival, the longest-running organic festival in the Philippines and in Asia, since 2006.

This year’s theme for the Organic Farmers Festival is “Regeneration for Future Generations” which will highlight the importance of eco-friendly farming practices, emphasizing the concept of sustainable regenerative farming.

The festival’s Organic Fair and Exhibit will showcase the best of organic offerings, including farm produce, products, and merchandise.

The festival includes cook fests, caravans, cultural performances, talent nights, and awards ceremonies, along with seminars, workshops, and conventions on topics ranging from sustainable regenerative farming and fishing, indigenous practices, organic agriculture, and water conservation, among many others.

The inaugural Negros Island Organic Farmers Festival took place in 2006, followed by the formation of ONOPRA (Organik na Negros! Organic Producers and Retailers Association) a year later. The festival was put on hold in 2020 and 2021 due to the global COVID-19 pandemic but returned in 2022.

Performance of Philippine Agriculture

THE PHILIPPINES’ agricultural output shrank for a second straight quarter in the July-to-September period mainly due to declines in crops and fisheries production, the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) said. Read the full story.

Performance of Philippine Agriculture

Opportunities within the metaverse for Philippine enterprises and CSPs

By Carlos Reyes

THE NEXT frontier of the human experience has long been tipped to be that highly anticipated intersection between the physical and digital realms: the metaverse. Broadly defined as an immersive digital networked experience, the metaverse promises to comprehensively augment our interactions and generate new opportunities through seamless, real-time virtual interaction and the rise of a virtual ecosystem.

As one of the fastest-growing digital economies in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region, it is no surprise that the Philippines has signaled a strong interest in the metaverse. Surveys have shown that Filipinos are the “most interested” in virtual worlds globally — with 2,421 searches related to the metaverse per 1,000 people — and have a highly positive outlook on the metaverse. Yet, while most references to the metaverse focus on consumer applications, it also offers equally boundless potential for Philippine enterprises and communication service providers (CSPs), and their clients, that are open to exploring this new space.

METAVERSE OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENTERPRISES
Industrial and enterprise applications of the metaverse span a wide range. For instance, BMW has built a digital twin of its electric vehicle (EV) facility in Hungary, which is still under construction. This allows BMW to test for, identify and solve potential issues with the factory in the metaverse, helping to minimize risk and reduce both costs and time-to-market. In a similar vein, these digital twins could greatly streamline and accelerate operations for Philippine enterprises with dispersed facilities across the archipelago.

In a study we conducted with EY, enterprises saw the highest potential in the use of extended reality for training to onboard and upskill the workforce. For instance, 3D simulations of on-the-job situations in the metaverse can be useful to practice real-time response under pressure, especially for technical or customer-facing roles. At the same time, enterprise metaverses are also expected to be able to bridge the gap between operational headquarters and the factory shop floor by linking up with the industrial metaverse — greatly improving collaboration between sectors.

We also found that early metaverse adopters were reporting more benefits than those who were still in the planning phase, most notably in capital expenditure reduction (15%), sustainability (10%), and safety improvement (9%). Notably, 80% among them believed that the metaverse would significantly impact the way they do business. So, it stands to reason that Philippine enterprises should prioritize early adoption of metaverse technologies to reap its full benefits.

HOW CSPS CAN SUPPORT THE METAVERSE CHARGE
The metaverse is built on the foundations of four distinct building blocks: devices, platforms, applications, and — most importantly — connectivity. The more immersive the metaverse experience, the greater the degree of connectivity speed and bandwidth required — which next-generation connectivity networks such as 5G, 5G-Advanced, and even 6G are designed to provide. However, metaverse development relies on these technologies already being in place, which underlines the critical role of CSPs in advancing the Philippines’ metaverse play by laying the connectivity groundwork.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, access to the Internet is still Manila-centric, and only 56.1% of households in the country have Internet access. Not only is it imperative for CSPs to bring Filipinos across the country online, but they must also ensure that the connectivity infrastructure can cope with the demands of emerging technologies such as the metaverse. For instance, there have been plans announced to create a nationwide network design for 5G Standalone, as well as design and plan a national broadband network. A pilot 5G network is also expected to be launched at various sites across Metro Manila.

With the metaverse already generating significant data traffic on networks and expected to expand data usage by over 20 times in this decade, CSPs must optimize their networks for speed, resilience and capacity to prepare for the explosive traffic growth that will inevitably accompany mainstream metaverse adoption. This also extends to Wi-Fi networks, particularly given that wireless virtual reality and augmented reality devices are likely to be the main access terminals for this new experience.

STANDING AT THE CUSP OF A NEW METAVERSE AGE
While most references to the metaverse focus on consumer applications such as virtual concerts and immersive entertainment, it can also offer unparalleled advantages for both CSPs and enterprises. CSPs are in the driver’s seat to shape the metaverse trajectory in the Philippines, especially given that latency and access will significantly affect the viability of mainstream metaverse adoption. Meanwhile, Philippine enterprises can already begin exploring how the metaverse’s features can transform their business and operations.

The Philippines’ various digital-friendly policies and progressive collaborations have already identified it as a suitable environment for the metaverse to flourish. With the proper infrastructure and supportive initiatives in place, the Philippines is well-positioned to be a global trailblazer in leveraging the full benefits of the metaverse for long-term social and economic growth — reinforcing its reputation as a forward-looking digital economy leader, in ASEAN and beyond.

 

Carlos Reyes, head of Nokia Philippines.

Friends as bosses

FREEPIK

CORPORATE RELATIONSHIPS go beyond job descriptions, reporting lines, and organization charts. Other ties outside the formal structure can affect behavior and decision-making. These include social links that involve family and other social bonds.

One category of social connections involves “ritual kinship.” These links include religious or civil ties, like serving as godparents for weddings, baptisms, or confirmations. This rite connects parents, godparents, and godchildren in an informal social link. Such rituals may also include fraternities and secret societies, with their own greeting signs.

Friendships fall under a looser category of social connection. It can be fostered by common interests (like oenology or bowling), a common background (like graduating from the same schools), or simply a mutual enjoyment of each other’s company, when fully clothed.

Do social bonds affect the contractual obligations of business? Good friends may have had parallel careers in different companies or countries and get together frequently for lunches and even travel together with their families. But what if in an acquisition, merger, or re-assignment the erstwhile social friends find themselves in a boss-and-subordinate situation?

Can a friend be an effective boss? And the flip side — is a friend likely to be an ideal subordinate?

Friendship is a loose relationship. There is no fixed set of obligations. (Must confide latest amorous interest as soon as reciprocated.) There are no established rules, like frequency of meetings or minutes. A claimed friendship need not be reciprocated or even recognized.

The image of the boss (what the public knows from his official CV) may be eroded by what a close friend is privy to. Are such intimate details to be allowed at pre-meeting small talk? Intimacy is claimed with private reminiscences to prove ties of friendship — we used to take the bus to school.

Who are your real friends? Even a gift list for Christmas or invitees to social functions are not conclusive. They include obligatory ties to business associates, relatives, and friends of spouses who are not necessarily close friends.

The higher a person goes up the social ladder, the greater the number of acquaintances claiming friendship, even a close one. The declared relationship is often asymmetrical, with the higher social status needing to certify a claimed intimacy — I haven’t seen him in ages.

There are also degrees of friendship. There is a close friend (He visits us frequently for Christmas Eve dinner), an acquaintance (gets the name of your latest partner correctly), a best friend (Someone you don’t have to talk with if you feel like keeping quiet), or casual buddy (Last seen 20 years ago at a school reunion). The ties that bind differ — a classmate in school or neighbor when growing up, part of a small circle of cyclists traveling together for out-of-town jaunts, or locked down together in a cruise during the pandemic.

Friendship is not constant, as a best friend from school may evolve into a mere close friend as intervening events and other associations bring other friends closer, pushing down those previously on top. They may even still be on the Christmas gift list.

Sometimes, it’s only at wakes that the aha moment descends — I didn’t realize you were close to her.

Friendship is revealed by generosity. Time and help are given not out of expectation of rewards or reciprocity, but merely to make someone happy and at peace. There are no hidden agenda or selfish interests at work here.

Because its basis is undefined and changeable, friendship is seldom stable. There are few friends for life, except perhaps when they lose touch with each other for a long time. Situations change. And the equality of opinion and status can shift the balance in favor of one over another.

A corporate relationship is defined by rules and expectations and an annual evaluation of performance. In terms of expectations, it’s difficult to navigate between the corporate and the personal realms. And this is not at all about intimate ties at the workplace. (That’s another type of connection altogether.)

Since there is no formal roster of friends, not even in the mind. It is difficult to establish acceptance (or exile) in such an ambiguous relationship. Only the answer to a direct question will settle the issue — is he really a friend of yours? A nod will do… or even a shrug.

 

Tony Samson is chairman and CEO of TOUCH xda

ar.samson@yahoo.com

Manila Water places more than 5,000 km of water pipeline

MANILA WATER Co., Inc. has placed 5,418.90 kilometers (km) of water pipeline within its service area in Metro Manila and Rizal province as of the second quarter, the east zone water concessionaire said.

In a release posted on its website, the company said it had laid an additional 55.17 km on top of the 5,362.73 km of water pipelines it placed since September last year.

The company said that aside from pipelaying more distribution lines, it has also laid reliability lines and replaced old primary lines to ensure continuity of water service, especially in emergency situations.

It has also implemented automation of network distribution facilities, improvement of pressure management, and service pipe replacement program to ensure network efficiency while maintaining nonrevenue water level below 15%.

Manila Water laid and maintained 464.63 km of sewer lines — providing sewer service to 287,934 accounts or 29.64% sewer coverage for the entire east zone.

“Water supply and sewer network expansion is truly essential to meet the pressing population growth in the country,” said Jeric T. Sevilla, Jr., Manila Water’s corporate strategic affairs group head.

“And as we anticipate that the demand for clean and potable water and the need for efficient wastewater services will continue to increase in the coming years, we will continue to invest not only to grow our water and sewer network but also to ensure reliability of the system and continuity of service for our customers,” he added.

On Wednesday, shares of Manila Water went down by 14 centavos or 0.81% to P17.12 apiece.

The water concessionaire serves the east zone network of Metro Manila, covering parts of Marikina, Pasig, Makati, Taguig, Pateros, Mandaluyong, San Juan, portions of Quezon City and Manila, and several towns in Rizal province. — Sheldeen Joy Talavera

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