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PHL, World Bank sign $500-M loan agreement

THE government on Wednesday signed a $500-million loan agreement with the World Bank, the proceeds of which will fund the coronavirus containment efforts and aid small-business workers and the vulnerable population.

In a statement Thursday, the Finance department said the Emergency COVID-19 Response Development Policy Loan (ECRDPL) is scheduled for disbursement by the third week of June.

The bank’s board approved the loan late last month.

“This is the third loan accord that we have signed with the World Bank that is designed to assist us in swiftly responding to the challenges brought about by the COVID-19 emergency. The World Bank has always been our reliable partner in strengthening our country’s economic resilience,” Finance Secretary Carlos G. Dominguez III was quoted as saying.

Mr. Dominguez and Achim Fock, World Bank acting country director for Brunei, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand, signed the agreement on Wednesday.

The loan matures in 29 years, inclusive of a grace period of 10 and a half years.

According to the Department of Finance, the loan will fund the government’s P200-billion emergency subsidy program for vulnerable members of the population as well as the P51-billion wage subsidy program directed at employees of small businesses.

Mr. Dominguez said ECRDPL replaces an earlier proposal for additional financing of a current project which strengthens the government’s financial resilience to natural disasters and climate change.

“The change is in view of World Bank’s advice to specifically come up with a new development policy loan on the country’s COVID-19 response instead of a supplemental financing package for the Promoting Competitiveness and Enhancing Resilience to Natural Disasters project,” he said.

The latest loan agreement follows the $100-million loan agreement for the COVID-19 Emergency Response Project which the government also entered into with the World Bank in late April.

The two parties also signed a $500-million Third Disaster Risk Management Development Policy Loan (DRM DPL3) agreement on April 9 which can also be used to fund efforts to contain the coronavirus outbreak.

So far, the government has obtained $1.7 billion of loans from the Asian Development Bank to finance its COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) response, and a $750-million co-financing facility from the Beijing-based Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.

For 2020, economic managers expect the budget deficit to increase to the equivalent of 8.1-9% of gross domestic product (GDP) as government revenue is expected to decline as the economy worsens while spending increases due to the pandemic.

Outstanding debt is expected to hit P9.589 trillion this year, equivalent to 49.8% of GDP. — Beatrice M. Laforga

20-year extension sought for power subsidy for poor

A MEASURE extending for 20 years the lifeline rate subsidy granted to low-income households has been filed in the Senate.

The Electric Power Industry Reform Act of 2001, or Republic Act No. 9136, provided for a 10-year lifeline rate benefitting marginalized households or those consuming up to 100 kilowatt-hours monthly.

This was later extended for another 10 years, through RA 10150 in 2011, which will be expiring next year.

Under Senate Bill No. 1583, Senator Sherwin T. Gatchalian proposed to extend the lifeline rate subsidy for 20 years or until 2041.

“The spirit of this measure is to really cushion the blow of power-rate increases to marginalized households who cannot afford to pay the full cost of their electricity bill,” Mr. Gatchalian said in the explanatory note of the bill.

“We made strides in breaking that barrier to access electricity through the lifeline-rate subsidies and there’s no turning back now.”

At present, consumers with an average of 21-50 kWh monthly consumption are entitled to a 50% discount.

Households with an average of 51-70 kWh consumption enjoy a 35% discount, while those consuming 71-100 kWh get 20%.

“The lifeline rate has benefitted numerous low-income households through the years,” Mr. Gatchalian, who chairs the Energy committee, also said.

In 2019, 2.4 million households availed the lifeline rate in 2019 from Meralco, resulting in a total of P3.8 billion saving.

Mr. Gatchalian said this also means each low-income household generated some P1,576 annual savings. — Charmaine A. Tadalan

More hotels allowed to reopen but guests limited

THE Inter-Agency Task Force on the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF-EID) expanded its definition of hotels allowed to resume operations but continued to limit their clientele to precious bookings, stranded persons, overseas workers observing quarantine, and health care workers.

In a briefing on Thursday, the President’s Spokesman Herminio L. Roque said the IATF-EID’s Resolution No. 43 clarified a previous order restricting the operations of “accommodation establishments.”

Inaprubahan ang rekomendasyon ng IATF na baguhin ang depinisyon ng hotel at payagan na rin mag-operate ang mga sumusunod (The IATF approved the recommendation to change the definition of hotels and also allowed them to operate),” he said.

The new definition of accommodation establishments includes hotels, resorts, apartment hotels, tourist inns, motels, pension houses, private homes, ecolodges, serviced apartments, condotels, and bed and breakfast facilities.

The earlier Omnibus Guidelines still apply, restricting their ability to take in guests. The exceptions include guests who were booked as of March 17 in Luzon and bookings as of May 1 for others areas; guests with long-term bookings; distressed and stranded overseas and foreign workers; repatriated overseas workers; those required to undergo mandatory quarantine; and health care workers and other workers from exempted sectors.

IATF-EID Resolution No. 43 also indicated that hotels will only be allowed to operate if they have a Certificate of Authority to operate from the Department of Tourism.

Such establishments will still be restricted in their staffing levels, maintaining personnel sufficient only to service basic accommodations. Ancillary services remain prohibited while food service will be limited to take-out and delivery. — Gillian M. Cortez

Remittance decline due to COVID-19 seen much worse than in 2007-09 financial crisis

THE decline in remittances to developing countries will be much worse than the 5% drop recorded in the wake of the 2007-2009 global financial crisis, the Institute of International Finance (IIF) said.

In its Macro Notes report issued Wednesday, IIF, a trade group representing financial institutions, said remittances could drop by 20-30% this year due to the economic shocks caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

IIF, based in Washington, DC, said the current crisis is affecting more countries than in 2007-2009.

“During the global financial crisis (GFC), remittances fell by about 5%. As the COVID-19 recession affects even more countries simultaneously, especially host countries in the EM (emerging markets) universe, a drop of 20-30% seems possible,” IFF said Wednesday.

The IIF said pressure on remittances “will be particularly challenging for countries with high external funding pressure where remittances help reduce otherwise large current account deficits, including most of Central America, Caribbean nations, as well the Philippines and Egypt.”

It said remittances are usually countercyclical but many institutions are projecting a sharp decline in 2020 due to the economic shock from the pandemic.

“Remittances depend on migration, host- and home-country growth, exchange rate fluctuations, and the ability to transfer money across borders,” it said.

In host countries, lockdowns and business closures have “disproportionately” affected sectors where migrants are usually employed including services jobs in food and hospitality, retail and wholesale, tourism and transportation.

It said many migrants also work in sectors that were allowed to operate during the lockdown but were highly exposed to coronavirus such as in agriculture, food processing and health care.

“Furthermore, migrants’ ability to shift across sectors or gain access to government support is likely curtailed. Finally, while electronic cross-border flows can continue unabated (during) COVID-19 lockdowns, carrying cash is still the preferred method of remittance transfers in many cases,” it said.

According to IIF’s data, the US, the European Union and Gulf countries are some of “economies that account for the bulk of global remittances flows, (which) are among the most exposed to the COVID-19 and oil price shocks.”

It said these economies are among the important sources of remittances for home countries in Africa and Asia.

“Among key recipient countries, important emerging markets such as India, China, Mexico, the Philippines, Egypt, and Nigeria account for close to 40% of all remittances in dollar terms,” it said.

The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas in April projected that cash remittances from overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) could decline by 0.2-0.8 percentage points this year, after the original projection of 2% growth outlook issued earlier that month.

The labor department reported that over 300,000 OFWs have been displaced by the pandemic, with tens of thousands returning to the Philippines. Over 200,000, mostly in the US and Europe, have chosen not to return. — Beatrice M. Laforga

Agri dep’t offers farmers incentives to consolidate

THE Department of Agriculture (DA) said it will structure its incentive and assistance programs to favor farms that consolidate in order to increase the harvest and lower costs.

In a statement Thursday, Agriculture Secretary William D. Dar said consolidated farms are more cost-efficient and promise scale not enjoyed by individual farmers.

“This will enable them to greatly reduce their cost of operations, attain bountiful harvests, and earn bigger incomes,” Mr. Dar said.

The DA said it will offer incentives to farm consolidation, on top of the regular technical and marketing assistance offered under its commodity programs.

Mr. Dar said the incentives will include farm machinery such as tractors, harvesters, mechanical dryers, processing equipment, and related infrastructure.

“We will also enhance what we have started under our National Corn Program (NCP),” Mr. Dar said.

NCP Director Lorenzo M. Caranguian said he will recommend a “no cluster, no assistance” policy as a way to encourage farmers to consolidate.

“We will classify corn and cassava clusters into five levels, each with corresponding interventions and assistance,” Mr. Caranguian said.

The DA said the five levels refer to clustered farms with a contiguous area of 200 to 1,000 hectares for corn, or 50 to 500 hectares for cassava, both with organized farmers cooperatives and associations (FCAs), a set of officers, and a professional manager.

Mr. Caranguian said the DA will provide the clustered FCAs with training such as mentorship on preparing a corn or cassava enterprise development plan.

“They will also be capacitated to venture in post-production activities such as processing, value-adding, and marketing, to further augment their incomes,” Mr. Caranguian said.

The NCP, DA regional field offices and local government units are currently identifying prospective cluster farms.

Mr. Dar said farm consolidation will also be applied to other crops like “rice, high-value crops, including coconut, sugarcane, banana, coffee, and vegetables.” — Revin Mikhael D. Ochave

OFW numbers decline to 2.2 million in 2019

FEWER FILIPINOS worked in overseas job markets last year, according to the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA).

The PSA’s 2019 Survey on Overseas Filipinos counted 2.202 million working overseas last year from 2.299 million in 2018.

The 2019 survey also indicated that contract workers accounted for 96.8% of the total while the remaining 3.2% were working without a contract.

OFWs in elementary occupations made up 39.6% of the total, against 37.1% a year earlier. Service and sales workers followed with a 17.5% share, against 18.8% in 2018.

Declines were noted in the following segments: professionals (8.5% in 2019 from 9% in 2018); clerical support workers (3.4% from 3.8%); craft and related trade workers (8.1% from 9.2%); and plant and machine operators and assemblers (12.2% from 13.8%).

Bucking the trend was skilled agricultural forestry and fishery workers whose 0.8% share of the total in 2019 was bigger than the 0.2% recorded in 2018. The share of OFW managers also declined, to 1.07% from 1.1% earlier.

Remittances from OFWs fell to P211.89 billion from P235.86 billion a year earlier.

“Data on remittances in this report are based on the answers given by the survey respondents to the questions on how much cash remittance was received by the family during the period April to September 2019 from a family member who is an OFW and how much cash did this member bring home during the reference period, if any,” the PSA said.

“Further, if the family received during the reference period goods and products sent by this OFW, the imputed value of such goods was included in his/her total remittance.”

The survey was conducted on persons working overseas between April 1 and Sept. 30, 2019.

The largest proportion of OFWs came from Calabarzon at 20.7% of the total, followed by Central Luzon (13.3%), the National Capital Region (9.7%) and Western Visayas (9%).

Saudi Arabia continued to be the leading destination with around 22.4% of OFWs, followed by the United Arab Emirates (13.2%), Hong Kong (7.5%), and Taiwan (6.7%). — Jobo E. Hernandez

Luzon grid placed on ‘yellow alert’ due to outages, gas shortage

THE Department of Energy (DoE) said Luzon was under yellow alert Thursday between noon and 3 p.m. due to power plant outages and limited output received from the Malampaya gas field.

In an advisory, Energy Secretary Alfonso G. Cusi said the Department of Energy (DoE) is seeking explanations from the National Grid Corp. of the Philippines, generating companies, and the Malampaya operator.

Forced and extended power outages were reported at coal-fired plants run by Team Energy in Pagbilao, Quezon , Southwest Luzon Power Generation Corp. in Calaca, Batangas; San Buenaventura Power Ltd. in Mauban, Quezon; and San Miguel Corp. subsidiary Masinloc Power Partners Co. Ltd. in Masinloc, Zambales.

Angat Hydropower Corp., First Gen Hydro Power Corp., and San Roque Power Corp., also reported limited power output due to low water levels.

The DoE said that based on its power forecast, the National Capital Region has sufficient supply to meet rising demand as it shifts to a more permissive general community quarantine.

“The energy industry must work together to ensure sufficient and stable power supply at all times. We also ask our industry players to approach us for any assistance the Department could provide to fast track the necessary restoration activities,” Mr. Cusi said. — Revin Mikhael D. Ochave

Insensitive

Many described it as “insensitive,” which is just another word for callous, inconsiderate, indifferent, uncaring, thoughtless, and even heartless.

But Senator Ronald “Bato” dela Rosa’s “life is good; let’s do this all the time (Sarap ng buhay. Ganito na lang tayo palagi, ha)” remark to his fellow senators on May 26 wasn’t referring to life during the COVID-19 crisis, only to his relief over the Senate’s concluding its hybrid sessions within two hours while he was online.

However, it was one more sign of much of officialdom’s alienation from those they claim to represent and serve. And as he himself implied in his own defense, the remark was also indicative of Dela Rosa’s antipathy to the kind of sustained, time consuming, and thoughtful work that being a senator of the Republic entails.

Not so long ago when senators took lawmaking seriously and were not indifferent to the needs of their constituents, they would spend hours poring over documents, doing research, holding hearings with experts and various stakeholders to get a sense of the pros and cons of the bills filed for their consideration, and delivering well-researched and meaningful privilege speeches on critical issues, among others.

This was true not only of the 1960s era of the Claro M. Rectos, Lorenzo Tanadas, and Jose W. Dioknos, but also of the post-EDSA 1986 likes of Joker Arroyo and Wigberto Tanada, whose speeches, statements, and other issuances were landmarks in the debate and discussions on such issues as the national debt, US military bases, land tenancy, industrial development, and foreign policy.

In addition to their intellectual depth and work ethic, they were also keenly aware of the plight of the poor and the concerns of women, indigenous people, professionals, students, farmers, workers and other folk. Because they had a sense of history, they were also defenders of human rights, protective of Philippine sovereignty and independence, and concerned for the country’s future.

Their time was hardly a few decades ago, but has since passed into history. Today even former President and previously senator Benigno Aquino III, whom his own political ally Joker Arroyo once described as “a lightweight,” looks and sounds like a college professor when compared to most of the current Senate occupants.

Among them are the real estate mogul who dismisses the need for agricultural research and is more focused on the conversion of rice lands into subdivisions; the fact-challenged spawn of the country’s first and unfortunately not its last brazenly fascist dictator; and the publicity hound and photo bomber who seems to think that speaking for the President, and reporting what he had for dinner and in which carinderia he ate it, is his primary task as senator.

Although in the company of such human rights defenders as Francisco Pangilinan, these senators of the Republic and their cohorts are indifferent to that issue, or, for that matter, to the critical question of what the future holds for a country in the clutches of bureaucrat capitalists whose first and last loyalty is to themselves, their families, their class, and their foreign overlords. And no one certainly expects any of that, least of all sensitivity to human rights issues, of former Philippine National Police (PNP) Director General dela Rosa either.

Despite being out of it, the agency Dela Rosa once headed has remained true to the heartless legacy of the Duterte regime’s so-called “war” on drugs. But it is not only his chosen senators and other lesser officials, but President Rodrigo Duterte himself who, through his words and deeds, is the source of the indifference to Filipino lives and fortunes, and the impunity that now drive much of the civilian and military bureaucracy.

If the high officials of the land are insensitive to the suffering of the millions who have lost their jobs and incomes, who do not know where the next meal is coming from, and who are even punished for complaining about their lot, it should not be difficult to understand why those other agents of government who interact daily with the people have internalized their and their fellow bureaucrats’ example.

It is thus not surprising for the police and military to be so insensitive to the pains and uncertainties of Filipino life during the COVID-19 crisis that they have not hesitated to add to them, and on often flimsy grounds.

Already widely criticized for its cold-blooded indifference to the travails of the people they are mandated to serve, in the middle of the pandemic the PNP has had the time and energy to continue restricting free expression by, among other acts, arresting — in some cases without a warrant and in violation of the right to due process — and filing charges against those who dare criticize the government and Mr. Duterte.

The latter has remained indifferent to the abuses that have further devastated the lives of his constituencies because of the immense problems the COVID-19 contagion has unleashed. What purpose other than to instill fear and mindless obedience to authority does arresting someone for a Facebook post serve? His silence in the face of these abuses suggests that Mr. Duterte knows and approves of the use of State coercion as a means of social control.

Rather than console his long suffering constituency, the President of the Republic has been indifferent to the suffering of those who have lost not only livelihoods but also husbands, sons, daughters, wives, and other loved ones to the COVID-19 contagion. On at least one occasion he has even threatened to declare martial law, and ordered the police to “shoot dead” protesters desperately asking for government assistance.

One of the tasks of a United States President, notes the British newspaper The Guardian, is to be “Consoler-in-Chief” in difficult times such as war and other threats to life and limb so as to assure his constituencies that he understands and shares their grief and fears for the future, and that something is being done to address their concerns. The same is demanded of the President of the Philippines — and more.

As the current President of this unhappy land, it is not too late for Mr. Duterte to abandon his habitual belligerence towards critics and dissenters and to forgive even those who, in their frustration, mistakenly think that invitations to violence are protected by the right to free expression. He can still assure the Filipino people that he truly cares for them by commiserating with them in their hour of need, and by reminding the entire bureaucracy and not only the police and military that there has never been any justification for the oppression, lawlessness, and State terrorism that over the last four years their insensitivity has inflicted on ordinary folk as well as critics, dissenters, reformers and political and social activists. More than Commander-in-Chief, he could thus begin his transformation into the true father of the nation his followers claim him to be, whose words of assurance and adoption of a policy of unity and reconciliation instead of division and ill will can help the Filipino people cope with and survive the adversities of life in these COVID-19-challenged times.

The skeptical may be forgiven for believing that to expect Mr. Duterte to make this grand gesture, or to even show the littlest sign of sensitivity to human suffering, is to expect the impossible. If they are right, Mr. Duterte will miss the opportunity to reinvent himself for the good of the citizenry and his claim to a place in this country’s troubled history.

 

Luis V. Teodoro is on Facebook and Twitter (@luisteodoro).

www.luisteodoro.com

Political economy and public policy

The Economist described the current US riots, violence, and looting as a “fury of polarization.” It is inauspicious that these lawless outbreaks are happening at the same time as the deadly COVID-19 pandemic.

The Economist observed that both American and French Revolutions began in the hot months of June and July. Police brutality and consequent protest rallies also peaked in the summer of 1967. This being so, we are not logically inclined to blame violence on summer heat.

In the past, racial inequality and governance were rallying points. Today, in the US, political polarization and partisan rage are drivers as well.

Whoever is the real George Floyd, his murder by a policeman who mercilessly kneeled on his neck as he gasped for breath fueled the mass protests. Protesters of different races and colors supported the “Black Lives Matter” rallies. But more than their original cause, underlying their discontent is frustration over the Federal Government’s inept handling of the pandemic and its implications on international trade and the US macroeconomy. The US is facing its worst economic decline of the century signaled by, among others, business giants filing for bankruptcy and by thousands of grounded aircrafts.

In the midst of all this, the US is divided against itself. The Federal Government is divided against itself.

There is a great lesson to be learned from the US experience: the political economy of governance cannot be ignored. One cannot ignore how interactions and relationships between and among individuals, groups, government agencies, and nations affect reactions to and the shaping of, public policy. History, culture, perceptions, even customs can impact the economic system.

Even here in the Philippines, the political economy of governance shapes critical public policy and the public’s response. As we enter the third month of community quarantine, several lessons have become clear and are proven by evidence.

In an IMF study, “How the Great Lockdown Saved Lives” written by Dragyan Deb, Davide Furceri, Jonathan D. Ostry and Nour Tawk, the experiences of 129 economies were examined. The study covered 30 observation days after a significant outbreak of 100 cases.

The Fund study is very credible. Robustness checks were conducted on empirical results. Extreme cases such as China’s early pandemic curve flattening and the US’ high COVID-19 cases and deaths were excluded as control factors. Other variables were included as additional controls in the regressions.

To shock the system to handle variations, dummy variables replaced containment measures. The study also considered the effect of announcements on mobility even before actual implementation. Finally, lag structure of regressions was used and other scenarios were considered to cover all possibilities. According to the Fund, the tests for robustness yielded similar conclusions not statistically different from the baseline.

In its sample of both developed and emerging nations, it was found that first, containment measures such as stay-at-home orders; school, office closures; limitation of public transport and cancellation of public events significantly reduced the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths. In Wuhan and New Zealand, infections and mortalities were reduced by around 200% relative to a no-containment baseline scenario.

The Philippines was one of the first to implement a strong lockdown even as containment was delayed because of diplomatic considerations. This delay was political. Moreover, credibility issues continue to taint quarantine measures as “justice” and punishments are perceived to be dispensed with selectively.

Second, the IMF study also concluded that early intervention and containment measures bring down infections and deaths.

The study used “public health response time” (PHRT) as a metric. The PHRT counts the number of days that containment measures were imposed after an outbreak of 100 confirmed cases. Countries with low PHRT recorded a lower average number of infections and deaths by 300% and 400%, respectively. Vietnam is a prime success story. With strong leadership and a monolithic hierarchy, Vietnam wasted no time in debating public policy. It exercised a complete think through complemented by high civic spirit.

In the Philippines, the PHRT is challenged by coordination issues between the national and local governments. This has resulted in a lack of transparency and in a constant flip-flopping of policies.

Third, according to the Fund, country characteristics and health infrastructure are also factors in fighting the pandemic. These include temperature, demographics, population density, and health preparedness.

In the Philippines, health preparedness is our Achilles heel. Testing kits were in limited supply. Testing facilities became available outside RITM weeks after the start of the lockdown. Contact tracing could have benefited from digital assistance from the two telcos. What happened to decades of budgetary allocation to the health sector? Good governance could have produced general hospitals and testing facilities in all cities and provinces.

The broad picture is that prompt viral containment serves as the foundation for medium-term economic growth. To the Fund, “The course of the global health crisis and the fate of the global economy are inseparably intertwined — fighting the pandemic is a necessity for the economy to rebound.”

In the Philippines, our economic managers eagerly wait for Congress to approve funding for economic recovery efforts. It has remained a work in progress. Assurance is also needed that a second wave of the disease will not force another lockdown, depressing demand. Only a flatter pandemic curve will inspire higher growth, higher purchasing manager’s index, and higher business and consumer expectations. This is the wish list of our economic managers. This is also our wish list.

On what else can business anchor its confidence? We can rely on our success in sustaining 20 years of uninterrupted economic growth. There is expertise there. Behavioral economics would advise us to rely on “whatever available anchors” there are. Our track record provides some assurance.

But there are clear obstacles. A reality check would dissuade us from now relying on OFW remittances as hundreds of thousands have been sent back home. BPO revenues are likely to drop with businesses in the US and Europe closing shop. With resuscitation of air travel, tourism may provide hope. Public spending especially on infra and social amelioration could also soften the blow to output. In any case, private investment is key to supporting growth and keeping jobs.

A moral anchor can also give us stability. Psychologically, people are motivated by narratives and not by quantitative guideposts. Election candidates are voted for rarely on their platforms, but based on their life stories. Stock market picks are rarely valued because of PE ratios but because of stories from the grapevine that expansion plans are afoot.

In this regard, there is moral suasion offered by the Philippine economic story. Decades have demonstrated its fundamental soundness. Our current economic managers are doing well even as they are now revising the playbook to adjust for new challenges. For indeed, the challenges are formidable. Markets and events can shift and shift considerably. We must avoid non-consequentialist reasoning. As if in a game of chess, we should anticipate several future possibilities and develop appropriate counter moves. This is the political economy of governance in action. It is fluid and dynamic. It is the active identification of very specific policies and concrete programs to improve service delivery that is more responsive to citizens’ needs.

Perhaps this is what was ignored in the US to fuel the protests. It is also key, even here at home, as we bounce back.

 

Diwa C. Guinigundo is the former Deputy Governor for the Monetary and Economics Sector, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP). He served the BSP for 41 years. In 2001-2003, he was Alternate Executive Director at the International Monetary Fund in Washington, DC. He is the senior pastor of the Fullness of Christ International Ministries in Mandaluyong.

A new attitude

The period of prolonged isolation has been a time for reflection, grace, and transformation. A counselor explained that one’s attitude and lifestyle would change. We cannot go back to the old normal.

The focus is survival. It has been a very difficult and uncertain time for all of us on various levels.

On the practical side, there are financial issues — business matters and job security, and the major economic downturn, recession.

We have to adjust our way of thinking and doing things to a new, impersonal lifestyle. We all have to learn about computers for Zoom meetings, online classes, banking, and e-commerce. The personal touch is now absent — at least for the next six months.

How can people cope with the crisis?

Through nutritious food, vitamins, sunlight, and exercise for one’s physical well being. There are books, culture and art, music, poetry, prayer and meditation for the mental and spiritual side.

Among the art forms relevant to this particular time of liminal space is the mandala, “circle” in Sanskrit. Mandala art is a process of self-expression for personal growth and spiritual transformation. The art has symbols that are sketched or painted within a circular frame.

Living in a stressful environment requires a coping mechanism. There are survival patterns that keep us afloat during normal days and there are subroutines for critical times.

We often carry photos of family and friends on our mobile phones. We display special framed pictures at home and the office. The photos remind us of our loved ones and how we feel when they are around us. This practice gives us a sense of connection, “rootedness” and support during times of uncertainty and distress. Especially when one is alone and isolated from the family. We can feel a sense of security that inspires us to do acts of generosity, good will, and kindness. Our essential values and the priorities become clear.

Mirrors allow us to peek at our appearance and assure us that we look ready to face the world when we go out.

Photos and mirrors are reflections of what usually remain outside our field of awareness. Mandala art is, in a way, similar to these familiar objects. It gives us reflections of the inner world — our heart and soul.

The mandala connects us to our real self — in basic ways. It helps us understand the meaning of certain life experiences. We can learn to create and interpret them.

Native or indigenous people, for example, use the medicine wheel to connect to “earth energies and the wisdom of nature.”

The central point of focus is within. Mandala art starts with a symbol — a flower or the sun or a star — from which radiates a symmetrical design. It is the center within each of us and to which everything else is related. The round shape brings us to wholeness. In psychology, it is called the “Higher Self.”

We use the imagination to see the inner self. We play with symbols and images as we move away from a cognitive, intellectual frame. Thus, we enter an expanded sense of awareness.

The imagination helps us see our inner energies. The rational self cannot perceive this part. We have multiple drives, desires, hopes, fears, latent or hidden abilities and psychic wounds. All feelings should be acknowledged and consciously worked on. It is the way to synthesize our physical, personal and spiritual needs for growth.

We cannot see the unconscious. The mandala provides a psychic mirror to show the complex collections of elements and dynamic forces within. “Psychosynthesis” is a psychological and educational approach to human development.” In the last century, Italian psychologist Dr. Roberto Assagioli explained how we could heal and develop. The human unconscious has three levels that mandala art can explore.

Creating a mandala is simple. The first step is to draw a circle on a sheet of paper. Fill the circle spontaneously, intuitively. The drawing or doodle will emerge in an unpredictable way. We can fill the circle with special images after deep relaxation. We can capture some important scenes or fascinating objects from nature.

The mandala is a basic tool of integration. The symbols represent part of ourselves. The mental patterns are in the forms. Feelings are in the colors. The body is involved in the act of drawing.

The complete mandala is always interesting and beautiful. It is a holistic snapshot of what is happening in our reality.

This art form is valuable when we shift from our concerns and worries to connect with our inner space. The process is relaxing, refreshing, energizing, surprising.

The mandala art is a private process of self-confrontation. It helps us connect, accept and love from the center of our being known as the Higher Self. It reveals the blocked energies and celebrates the inspired successes and events that have touched us deeply.

We should discover the source and nourish our inner wisdom. It is the part that often struggles to live freely and create self-expression.

We search for the meaning of our own experiences and try to understand what it all means.

These artworks are powerful images to share with others.

It is one of the most creative ways to connect directly within, to heal our wounds, to nurture our potential.

Finally, it can transform our attitude about life and how we can move forward into the unchartered waters.

 

Maria Victoria Rufino is an artist, writer and businesswoman. She is president and executive producer of Maverick Productions.

mavrufino @gmail.com

Pandemic degrees of separation

Alienation may have begun as early as the Walkman. That portable cassette player of the 1980s freed teens from being stuck beside their parents’ radios. Now, the music moved with them. With school bags stocked with cassettes, favorite songs could be played whenever, wherever, desired and even repeatedly, albeit with a bit of rewind time wait. And just like that, the days of godlike DJs were numbered.

But it was 2001, with the creation of the iPod, that really launched people onto the road of self-isolation. Now, not only could anyone select preferred songs but even choose musical genres or different genres or even of mixed genres. The songs were playable on demand in any order or even “shuffled.” Finally, being in digital form, music could be downloaded (or uploaded) from any number of sources.

There were some unanticipated consequences: the death (or perhaps enforced hibernation) of CD and LPs, of music radio, and many an iconic music store went bankrupt. “Shuffle” did away with the artistry and thematic nature of album line-ups.

Then there are the unapparent losses: the tactile and visual joy of the covers, the LP record itself, of reading write-ups about the artists on the jacket sleeves.

But the most significant of all losses was the need to wait for the songs to come and the commonality all felt with that waiting.

Music has now become an impersonal commodity of instant gratification, playable whenever and wherever one wants. And with the disappearance of waiting is also the need to appreciate other music, to at least hear what songs other people listened to. Just put on earphones and you’re now enveloped in a musical cocoon of your design.

Perhaps it’s no coincidence the iPod came out in 2001, the year that supposedly “changed everything.” And the most significant change was the loss of that sense of unity, of belonging, and that to belong was fine.

9/11 and the iPod, of course, did not do all that. But they might well have been the harbingers of an alienation taking root.

In the Philippines, the 1990s and 2000s saw unprecedented rise in property development and with it the proliferation of gated communities and high rise condominiums. In a society already internally divided by 7,100 islands and eight major dialects, these walled-off communities inadvertently aggravated the distance between Filipinos.

Such gated communities essentially served one function: to keep out those not belonging. And who “belonged” is identified primarily on the basis of economic class. No longer were the value differences being only between city and provincial folk; now, within the cities themselves, class divisions became emphasized: rich, middle class, the poor.

Walled mansions have always existed but at least in the past rich and poor generally lived on the same streets and walked, if only occasionally, amongst each other, and may even have patronized the same sari-sari store.

That has all but disappeared.

Richard Schneider, who co-authored the UN-HABITAT’s 2007 Global Report on Human Settlements, wrote that gated communities merely abandoned “public streets to the vulnerable poor, to street children and families, and to the offenders who prey on them. Such results also tend to broaden gaps between classes insomuch as wealthier citizens living in relatively homogeneous urban enclaves protected by private security forces have less need or opportunity to interact with poorer counterparts.”

And “grandchildren, or great-grandchildren,” bemoaned The Guardian’s architecture correspondent Jonathan Glancey, “of those who once lived facing on to bustling city streets where gates, security cameras, security guards and other forms of surveillance were unknown are now herded into gated compounds.”

Highly regrettably, this China coronavirus — or rather the panic surrounding it — will likely make this separation between people all the worse: the dehumanizing need to wear masks, the insistence of disallowing communal religious worship, checkpoints, of government monitoring and regulating every aspect of our personal lives, from eating out to commuting to going for groceries or merely getting a haircut.

Even our young are not being spared this alienation: at a time it’s crucial they physically interact with society, with their peers and teachers, to learn what constitutes good relationships and have good role models, our youth are being isolated from each other and instead face an impersonal computer screen.

All this lessens the nature of society, our society. There was always the need, through a continual series of compromises formed by dissent and exercise of freedoms, to arrive at a shared set of beliefs, aspirations, values, and concerns between and amongst us. That we share is what enables and justifies our sacrificing and working for the good of each other. That has been damaged.

We are not, as Roger Scruton puts it, “built on the idea of homo oeconomicus — the rational chooser who always acts to maximize his own utility, at whatever cost to the rest of us.” Unfortunately, the late lamented lockdown and its aftereffects are pushing us to be exactly that.

 

Jemy Gatdula is a Senior Fellow of the Philippine Council for Foreign Relations and a Philippine Judicial Academy law lecturer for constitutional philosophy and jurisprudence.

https://www.facebook.com/jigatdula/

Twitter @jemygatdula

NBA set to approve plan for 22-team return — reports

THE National Basketball Association’s (NBA) Board of Governors on Thursday was expected to approve the league’s plan for a 22-team return in Orlando, ESPN reported.

The conference call was slated to take place at 12:30 p.m. ET. The NBA’s Board of Governors require a three-fourths passage of the 30 teams on a plan.

The return of basketball would begin July 31 under the proposal, with the last possible date for Game Seven of the NBA Finals being Oct. 12, ESPN reported.

Per ESPN’s Adrian Wojnarowski, each of the 22 teams will play eight regular-season games for seeding purposes for the playoffs. The 16 teams currently in postseason position will be joined by the New Orleans Pelicans, Portland Trail Blazers, Phoenix Suns, Sacramento Kings and San Antonio Spurs in the Western Conference and the Washington Wizards in the Eastern Conference.

The Pelicans (28-36), Kings (28-36) and Trail Blazers (29-37) sit 3 1/2 games behind the eighth-place Memphis Grizzlies (32-33) in the Western Conference. The Spurs (27-36) are four in back of the Grizzlies, while the Suns (26-39) are six back.

The Wizards (24-40) reside six games behind the seventh-place Brooklyn Nets (30-34) and 5 1/2 behind the eighth-place Orlando Magic (30-35).

According to Shams Charania of The Athletic, “If the ninth seed is more than four games behind the eighth seed, the eighth seed earns the playoff spot; if the ninth seed is four or fewer games behind, then the eighth and ninth seed will enter a play-in tournament that is double-elimination for the eighth seed and single-elimination for ninth.”

The Milwaukee Bucks, Toronto Raptors, Boston Celtics, Miami Heat, Indiana Pacers, Philadelphia 76ers, Nets and Magic currently occupy playoff spots in the Eastern Conference. The Los Angeles Lakers and Los Angeles Clippers join the Denver Nuggets, Utah Jazz, Oklahoma City Thunder, Houston Rockets, Dallas Mavericks and Grizzlies in residing in playoff position in the Western Conference.

The NBA saw play stopped on March 11 after Utah Jazz center Rudy Gobert tested positive for the coronavirus. — Reuters

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