China stations permanent ‘rescue forces’ on Spratly artificial islands

July 24, 2022 | 6:16 pm

CHINA has placed permanent rescue forces and maritime authorities on its artificial islands in the South China Sea, according to state-owned China Central Television.

Its flying squadron and maritime rescue and administration staff would be stationed at Fiery Cross, Subi and Mischief reefs in the Spratlys to boost rescue operations, says the media report.

This would transform a regular on-call rescue ship deployment into a permanent institutional presence that could improve the coverage of the southern area of the disputed waterway, it added.

The Chinese departments would “undertake maritime emergency rescue tasks, perform maritime traffic safety supervision and prevention of ship pollution and other duties in the Nansha waters,” state news agency Xinhua reported, using the Chinese name for the archipelago.

These would also “provide strong protection for the safety of ship navigation and daily production activities at sea for the people of coastal countries.”

“This is a concrete step for China to better provide public goods to the international community and actively fulfil its international responsibilities and obligations,” it added.

Dalian Maritime University Professor Shi Chunlin has said strengthened search and rescue capacities in the South China Sea would enhance China’s dominance over South China Sea affairs.

China has repeatedly called illegal a 2016 arbitral award by a United Nations-backed tribunal favoring the Philippines’ claims in the disputed sea where the Spratly Islands are located. The arbitration court voided China’s claim to more than 80% of the sea based on a 1940s nine-dash line map.

The South China Sea, a key global shipping route, is subject to overlapping territorial claims involving the Philippines, China, Brunei, Malaysia, Taiwan and Vietnam. Each year, trillions of dollars of trade flow through the sea, which is also rich in fish and gas.

The Spratly Islands have been divided by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) into several regions, complicating possible search and rescue operations in the area.

The Philippines claims the northeastern section of the island, calling it the Kalayaan Island Group, while Malaysia claims part of the Kalayaan Island. Meanwhile, China and Taiwan claim the entire island group.

Beijing is discussing with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations a plan to create a regional search and rescue cooperation platform for the whole South China Sea, according to Chen Xiangmiao, a research fellow at the National Institute for South China Sea Studies.

China’s new office is also meant to enhance communication and emergency response, he added. Distress signals can be sent to the International Maritime Organization or near maritime administrations.

The Department of Foreign Affairs did not immediate reply to a WhatsApp message seeking comment.

China Foreign Ministry spokesman Wang Wenbin this month said “China neither accepts nor recognizes it and will never accept any claim or action based on the award.” “By doing so, we are upholding international rule of law.”

Philippine Foreign Affairs Secretary Enrique A. Manalo has said the findings of the arbitration court “are no longer within the reach of denial and rebuttal, and are conclusive as they are indisputable.”

China is unlikely to restrain actions in the South China Sea after a military alliance of 30 western states labeled China a “systemic challenge,” Philippine-based political analysts have said.

During a recent summit in Madrid, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) said China’s “attempts to undercut the rules-based international order run counter to our values and interests.”

NATO called out China’s “stated ambitions and coercive policies” and warned of the deepening strategic partnership between China and Russia, citing the latter as a threat with its continued aggression against Ukraine.

They criticized China’s defense-building and economic policies, among other aspects, but at the same time remain open to “constructive engagement” with China.

Top leaders of Japan, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand also attended the NATO summit for the first time. — Alyssa Nicole O. Tan

Philippines ready for monkeypox, says DoH

July 24, 2022 | 6:14 pm

WHO-World_Health_Organization_Flag — UNITED STATES MISSION GENEVA

THE PHILIPPINES is prepared to combat a potential monkeypox outbreak, authorities said on Sunday, after the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global health emergency due to its rapid spread worldwide.

The Department of Health (DoH) and its partners from both the public and private sectors have been preparing for the monkeypox virus since an uptick in cases was reported in other countries as early as May, Maria Rosario S. Vergeire, the agency’s officer-in-charge, said in a statement on Sunday.

Local health authorities have yet to detect the country’s first monkeypox case. “Up to now, there has been no finding in the Philippines that fits the definition of a suspect monkeypox case.”

“The clinical presentation is often explained by other diseases that look like monkeypox, but are not the same,” she said. “The DoH will keep the Filipino public updated with factual information.”

The WHO has declared monkeypox infection as a  public health emergency of international concern.

The monkeypox level was moderate globally except in Europe, where the risk is high, WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus told a news conference, based on an article published by Reuters.

The virus, which was first discovered in 1958, causes flu-like symptoms and pus-filled skin lesions. It spreads via contact.

Following the declaration, the WHO issued temporary recommendations to guide the response of countries around the world that might be affected by the virus, Ms. Vergeire said.

For countries like the Philippines with no history of monkeypox in humans, the guidelines include the activation of multisectoral response mechanisms “to stop human to human transmission.”

Stigmatization and discrimination against any person or group that may be affected should also be avoided “to help prevent further undetected transmission.”

WHO also recommends intensified disease surveillance and detection as well as raising awareness and training of health workers about virus transmission, it added.

The body also wants the government to work with key community-based groups and civil society networks to increase the information campaign about the virus.

Ms. Vergeire said the government’s public campaign against monkeypox is “consistent with the evidence that anyone can get it.” It is also based on the need to “work together to prevent not just the disease but also stigma that may cause undetected transmission.”

“Consistent with WHO recommendations, the DoH has been carefully communicating the risk of monkeypox transmission along with other pertinent facts about its causative agent and clinical presentation.”

DoH said it convened an inter-agency zoonosis body on May 27. Its members include officials from the Agriculture and Environment departments. — Kyle Aristophere T. Atienza

Marcos unlikely to mention human rights in first address — analysts

July 24, 2022 | 6:13 pm

Marcos-BBM — PHILIPPINE STAR/KRIZ JOHN ROSALES

By John Victor D. Ordoñez, Reporter

PHILIPPINE President Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr. would probably keep silent on human rights issues in his first address to Congress on Monday to avoid offending the vice president, according to political experts.

Discussing human rights means talking about the deadly red tagging, the deadly drug war and extralegal killings for which ex-President Rodrigo R. Duterte had been highly criticized by the international community, Arjan P. Aguirre, who teaches political science at the Ateneo De Manila University, said in a Facebook Messenger chat.

Mr. Duterte is the father of Sara Duterte-Carpio, Mr. Marcos’ vice presidential mate in the May election, which both won by a landslide.

Last month, International Criminal Court (ICC) prosecutor Karim Ahmed Khan sought to reopen the investigation for Mr. Duterte’s anti-illegal drug campaign months after it was halted upon the Philippine government’s request.

The ICC has given the Philippine government until Sept. 8 to comment on the ICC prosecutor’s request to resume the probe into alleged crimes against humanity by Mr. Duterte and his officials.

Former national police chief Ronald M. Dela Rosa, the main enforcer of the drug war who is now a senator, said the probe is an insult to the Philippine justice system. He said he would not cooperate with the investigation.

Mr. Duterte canceled the Philippines’ membership in the international tribunal in 2018.

“I expect too that the new administration will be indifferent or antagonistic toward progressive and human rights groups and their concerns,” Mr. Aguirre said. 

He cited the human rights violations committed during the martial law regime of the late dictator Ferdinand E. Marcos, Marcos Jr.’s father.

More than 70,000 people were jailed, about 34,000 were tortured and more than 3,000 people died under martial rule, according to Amnesty International.

Mr. Aguirre said he expects illegal arrests and detentions to continue under the new government.

Executive Secretary Victor D. Rodriguez did not immediately reply to a Viber message seeking comment.

The Philippine Human Rights Commission said the Duterte government had encouraged a culture of impunity by hindering independent inquiries and by failing to prosecute erring cops involved in the government’s anti-drug campaign.

Data from the Philippine government released in June 2021 showed that at least 6,117 suspected drug dealers had been killed in police operations as of April 2021. Human rights groups estimate that as many as 30,000 suspects died.

“The fact that he hasn’t even filled in the Commission on Human Rights (CHR) is already quite telling where his priorities don’t lie,” Fides M. Lim, convenor of rights group Kapatid, said in a Facebook Messenger chat.

Mr. Marcos has yet to appoint the head of the commission.

Last month, Human Rights Watch urged Mr. Marcos to appoint commissioners with proven track records of defending human rights.

Phil Robertson, deputy Asia director at Human Rights Watch, said the appointment of CHR officials would test the new administration’s commitment to human rights.

Ms. Lim said she expects the relationship between the new administration and human rights groups to be “heated to scorching with little chance of fair weather.”

“But it’s always pleasant to be surprised should Mr. Marcos suddenly reinstate the Philippines in the community of civilized nations by returning the country to the ICC,” she added.

“In the run-up to the state of the nation address, Kapatid challenges the Marcos presidency to release political prisoners immediately and to dismantle the institutions and processes that deliberately breed them in a growing number,” she said.

“The political prisoners now reach 802, the highest number since the ouster of the Marcos dictatorship in February 1986,” she added.

Bayan coalition to present ‘people’s demands’ during SONA protest rally

July 24, 2022 | 6:10 pm

Marcos-effigy-BAYAN — A VISUAL artist of Bayan works on a 12-foot effigy of President Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr. titled "Mad in Malacañang,” which the group will destroy during its protest rally on July 25 when the Philippine’s new leader delivers his first State of the Nation Address. — BAYAN FACEBOOK PAGE

PROGRESSIVE groups under the Bayan coalition are set to hold protest actions during the first State of the Nation Address (SONA) of President Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr. on Monday, after they struggled to secure permits from authorities.

Bayan announced at the weekend that it has been allowed by the Quezon City government to march from Elliptical Road along Commonwealth Avenue up to Tandang Sara corner from 9:00 am to 12:00 nn.

Bayan, which was founded during the martial law regime of Mr. Marcos’ late father, and its allied organizations thanked Quezon City Mayor Maria Josefina “Joy” Belmonte-Alimurung for intervening and finding a middle ground after they challenged the police’s ban on SONA rallies along the entire stretch of Commonwealth Avenue.

It is the local government that has the power to issue permits, not the police, they said.

“We look forward to a peaceful SONA protest and enjoin the public to take part in the annual event to raise the most urgent people’s demands,” Bayan said in a statement.

Aside from Bayan-led groups, Sanlakas, another progressive umbrella, was also allowed by authorities to march along Commonwealth Avenue.

The local police lead by Elmo DG. San Diego has reminded protesters that burning of effigies, a militant tradition in yearly SONA, would not be allowed.

On the other hand, pro-Marcos groups will gather near the venue of Mr. Marcos’ first state address.

“We cannot help but point out the double-standards of the PNP (Philippine National Police) in allowing pro-Marcos groups to assemble at Batasan Road, after earlier recommending the denial of a rally permit for Bayan in the same area,” Bayan said.

“There is still a long way to go before the people can truly realize the right to peaceful assembly and freedom of expression free from fascist impositions,” it said. “It is up to the people to continue asserting their rights amid all attempts to suppress them.”

Anakpawis Party-list, which is joining the protest activities, said they do not expect Mr. Marcos to recognize the “real state” of the poor during his address, especially farmers and fisherfolk, but stressed that problems in the agricultural sector could not be ignored if the country were to improve production and achieve food security.

“We are sure that it will not be mentioned again in this SONA that many farmers do not have their own land, and worse, are even being evicted from farms,” Anakpawis National President Ariel B. Casilao said in Filipino in a statement at the weekend.

The political group, which advocates for labor and other marginalized sectors, said the persistent poverty among farmers is rooted in poor governance and corruption.

“The call of the local farmers and fishermen is simple, respect their rights to land, fisheries and livelihood, and help them develop production so that the country can achieve self-sufficiency and self-reliance, so that we no longer have to rely on food importations from other countries,” Mr. Casilao said.

He also reiterated proposals put forward earlier by farmers’ group Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas, such as the issuance of an executive order against the conversion of agricultural lands devoted to or suitable for the production of staple food crops, a review of the Anti-Agricultural Smuggling Act, to certify as urgent food self-sufficiency bills, the allocation of at least 10% of the national budget to agriculture and food production, among others. — Kyle Aristophere T. Atienza and Alyssa Nicole O. Tan

At least 1 dead, 1 injured in shooting incident at Ateneo De Manila University

July 24, 2022 | 6:09 pm

AT LEAST two casualties, one dead and another injured, were reported in a shooting incident at the Ateneo De Manila University in Quezon City just before a graduation ceremony on Sunday, the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) reported.

The MMDA said police arrived at the school’s campus at around 2:55 p.m. after reports of the shooting circulated online.

The Guidon, Ateneo’s official publication, said in a tweet that the campus went on lockdown shortly after the shooting.

“Confirmed reports as of 3:56 PM are one dead and one wounded, as per QCPD Director Police Brigadier General Remus B. Medina,” said in a tweet.

As of press time, a full report on the incident has yet to be released by Quezon City police.

The Jesuit-run Ateneo announced on its social media pages that its law school’s graduation ceremony was canceled due to the shooting.

“Ateneo is continuing to work with the police and other authorities to deal with the incident,” it said.

Supreme Court (SC) Chief Justice Alexander G. Gesmundo was supposed to be a guest speaker at the Ateneo Law School event but was advised to turn back when the shooting was reported, SC Spokesperson Brian Keith F. Hosaka told reporters in a Viber message.

“He was still in transit when the shooting happened and was advised to turn back. The Chief Justice is safe,” Mr. Hosaka said. — John Victor D. Ordoñez

Davao Oriental provincial gov’t eyes biomass energy project, expanded rural electrification

July 24, 2022 | 6:09 pm

DavOr-boundarypark-DAVAOORIENTAL.GOV.PH — DAVAOORIENTAL.GOV.PH

THE DAVAO Oriental provincial government is pursuing partnerships to speed up electrification in remote communities and possibly put up a biomass facility for cheaper power rates.

Governor Corazon N. Malanyaon met last week with officials of Davao Oriental Electric Cooperative, Inc. (DORECO), the province’s sole distributor, to discuss shared costs for bringing supply to still unserved areas as well as improving delivery in tourist destinations, the local government said in a statement.

Ms. Malanyaon said providing power is crucial for economic recovery efforts as well as livelihood development and social services, noting that the presence of electricity “symbolizes” the presence of government in communities.

The province will be allocating funds for the program and DORECO, which has its own ongoing Sitio Electrification Program, expressed readiness to cover the labor component.

“We can give the labor counterpart to whatever electrification project the province would like to engage in. Our men are eager to energize our province, especially the tourism areas,” DORECO officer-in-charge General Manager Mary Ann Santos is quoted as saying in the statement.

Ms. Malanyaon said the provincial government is also looking into a partnership with a Japanese company for the construction of a biomass plant, which could reduce electricity cost by about “40% while providing clean and sustainable energy.”

DORECO, which currently charges a basic rate of P12 per kilowatt hour, is also backing the green energy plan.

Meanwhile, the utility and the provincial government are undertaking a joint clearing operation of power lines to minimize power outages.

Ms. Santos said supply interruptions in the province are mainly caused by obstructions in power facilities.

“We would want our barangay leaders and everyone in the government to help us secure our power lines because power interruption interrupts everything, it interrupts everyone,” she said.

Davao Oriental has an installed capacity of 55 megawatts (MW) and a contracted capacity of 22 MW from different suppliers, according to DORECO. The province’s recent average peak load was 33 MW. — MSJ

Cotabato strengthens ASF-control measures with new provincial quarantine center

July 24, 2022 | 6:09 pm

ASF-Cotabato-foot-bath-BW-MMPADILLO — BUS passengers bound for Kidapawan City, capital of Cotabato, go through a foot bath as part of measures to prevent the entry of African Swine Fever (ASF) in the province. — BUSINESSWORLD/MMPADILLO

COTABATO is strengthening its control measures against the entry of African Swine Fever (ASF) with the opening of its Provincial Veterinary Quarantine Services Center.

The facility, located along the main highway in Old Bulatukan, Makilala, has disinfection equipment and foot baths. All vehicles are required to undergo inspection, including passengers and cargo.

“Hope that we can save other livestock that are still alive. We need to protect our farmers and hog raisers considering that we are an agricultural province and this is the backbone of our economy,” Cotabato Governor Emmylou Taliño-Mendoza said during the facility’s inauguration last week.

The establishment of the quarantine center was spearheaded by former provincial board member Loreto V. Cabaya, Jr., who sponsored an ordinance on comprehensive quarantine services. It is operated by the Office of the Provincial Veterinarian (OPVet) in collaboration with the governor’s office and the police.

Hog farmers in several towns in Cotabato, also known as North Cotabato, were first affected by ASF in 2020 and was contained in the same year. A new outbreak was reported at the start of 2022.

Last week, the OPVet culled 114 hogs in several villages as part of efforts to prevent the spread of the disease.

Ms. Mendoza has also sought the help of the military and the police in imposing a ban on pork meat and by-products from outside the province in southern Philippines.

Cotabato is bounded by five provinces and one city. — Maya M. Padillo

Why we resist the suspension of fuel taxes and the reversal of other hard reforms

July 24, 2022 | 5:35 pm

The latest Pulse Asia Survey poll on the public’s most pressing concerns reveals that inflation is the most urgent issue among Filipinos (57%), followed by other economic issues such as workers’ incomes (46%), poverty (33%), and jobs (29%)¹. The data show how highly concerned most of us are about the uncertainties of post-COVID recovery and just how close to home inflationary pressures are becoming.

Comparing Consumer Price Index (CPI) figures over the past two years, average prices have risen at a compound annual rate of 4.9%². Owing to rising fuel prices, inflation in transport commodities and services has been the most pronounced at 13.6%. This issue is what prompted presidential candidates to call for the suspension of fuel excise taxes during the election cycle and it is why several legislators will continue to push measures to suspend fuel excise taxes.

I wrote in April 2022 about why fuel tax cuts are a poor solution to rising transport prices, and why direct and targeted fuel subsidies are superior³. The costs of a fuel tax suspension would simply outweigh the benefits. The forgone revenue worth P131.4 billion would essentially cut the government’s ability to spend on services and subsidies for the vulnerable sectors. A general subsidy through suspending fuel taxes to afford lower pump prices disproportionately benefits the car-owning class of Filipinos more than the rest⁴. Car owners belong to the top 10% in terms of family income.

For instance, jeepney drivers who are losing income due to rising prices certainly ought to be provided assistance. Targeted fuel subsidies will essentially serve as transfers from the car-owning households, who pay the bulk of the tax, to the jeepney drivers — and also to the poor and the public using public transport who will benefit from the subsidy. A fuel tax cut by suspending the tax would achieve a transfer in the opposite direction. This is why we are better off spending fuel tax collections directly on the poorer segments of society rather than losing out completely on the revenues.

Unfortunately, there is a tendency to become squeamish about recently passed reforms when times become tough. Reforms seem to be backwards sticky in that securing good reforms requires long-run vision, tremendous effort, and a lot of luck, and yet the undoing of these reforms takes only an overeager or miscalculated approach to address immediate or short-term concerns. I would argue that crises should push us to not only follow through on these reforms, but to serve as opportunities to further pursue our reform agenda.

The fact that the TRAIN Law (Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion) was a major tax reform program, passed during a non-crisis period, was lauded then. And its advantages are demonstrated now. The additional revenues from TRAIN have provided fiscal room for our government to finance its COVID-19 spending.

Many of us are concerned about the country’s significant debt, but we are in much less dire straits than we would have been without the reform. The package of excise taxes in TRAIN may not have been a politically popular measure (although a survey belies this), but it is what has afforded the effective reduction in personal income taxes thus providing higher disposable incomes for the middle class, the additional cash transfers for the poor, and the increase in spending for public goods.

Also consider the Rice Tariffication Law (RTL) which was passed during a time of inflationary pressure. The immediate clamor from different quarters to repeal the law almost caused Congress to flinch, but because we persisted with the reform, food inflation is not as pronounced as it would have been without RTL. Rice prices have been stable despite the pandemic and this stability is likely to have averted even worse outcomes for poverty and hunger. The reform has also introduced massive tariff collections, P17.9 billion in 2021 and P14.7 billion in 2020, which will be game-changing once the resources are properly mobilized towards our local farmers⁵.

With the current inflationary episode, the quick fix is seemingly to roll back taxes to push prices down. Taxes are politically unpopular and difficult to pass so the longer-term consequences of rolling back the just-passed tax reforms now will mean that widened deficits and a shrunken fiscal space will persist in the future. This will hamper our ability to recover from the pandemic, not to mention pay off our debts. Strategically reallocating or redirecting resources towards vulnerable stakeholders is a much more pragmatic and equitable solution and without the long-term side effects of a reform reversal. Spending a portion of the P131-billion fuel tax revenues for the 900,000 jeepney drivers, for example, will be a better outcome than losing out on all the revenues from a tax cut.

The temptation to undo the hard reforms won in previous administrations is there. The good intentions of policymakers to act quickly cannot be questioned. However, if we are too hasty and imprudent in our response, we only make the present situation worse and endanger sustainable long-term growth.

¹ Rising prices top concern among Filipinos — Pulse Asia, BWorld Online, July 12, 2022 https://www.bworldonline.com/the-nation/2022/07/12/460833/rising-prices-top-concern-among-filipinos-pulse-asia/

² CPI Data from Philippine Statistics Authority

³ Why targeted fuel subsidies are better than fuel tax cuts, BWorld Online, April 10, 2022 https://www.bworldonline.com/opinion/2022/04/10/441464/why-targeted-fuel-subsidies-are-better-than-fuel-tax-cuts/

⁴ DoF estimate on forgone revenue cited in Fuel excise tax suspension will induce more economic activities — Poe, BWorld Online, July 7, 2022, https://www.bworldonline.com/the-nation/2022/07/07/459999/fuel-excise-tax-suspension-will-induce-more-economic-activities-poe/

⁵ Rice tariff collections at nearly P18 billion in 2021 — Customs https://www.bworldonline.com/agribusiness/2022/01/03/421186/rice-tariff-collections-at-nearly-p18-billion-in-2021-customs/

AJ Montesa heads the fiscal policy program of Action for Economic Reforms.

Lessons on agriculture I learned under Marcos Sr.

July 24, 2022 | 5:34 pm

As BBM — Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos, Jr. — starts his administration as President of the Republic and concurrent Secretary of Agriculture, it is useful to recall some of the good and bad things about his father’s administration of the country’s agriculture sector.

Marcos Sr. started his administration when the country was food insecure, even more so than now. Rice yields were only 1.5 tons a hectare, and demand for rice was rising. Rice shortage was unexceptional, such that it was commonplace to consume a meal comprising rice mixed with corn grits, or just corn grits or root crops. Not only are they less expensive than rice, corn grits then were more available than rice. The Philippines started to look for other sources of rice in other countries, but in those years the world rice market was significantly thinner and more unpredictable than now.

Food insecurity was a very important challenge of the government of Marcos Sr., such that BBM’s father had to take drastic measures to protect Filipinos from famine.

Marcos Sr. was fortunate then as the green revolution was “raging” during his first administration, 1966 to 1969. In the early 1960s, yields of wheat varieties in India increased significantly. This was attributed to the efforts of M.S. Swaminathan, an agronomist who became the Director-General of IRRI (International Rice Research Institute) in Los Baños in the early 1980s. For his work in increasing wheat yields in India and his administration of IRRI, which led the research on generating improved rice varieties, Mr. Swaminathan received the first World Food Prize, which is the counterpart of the prestigious Nobel Awards, but for agriculture.

He worked with another famous scientist, Norman Borlaug, who was often called “the father of the Green Revolution,” and is credited with saving over a billion people worldwide from starvation. Also recognized as the father of modern biotechnology, Mr. Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 in recognition of his contributions to world peace through increasing food supply.

Table 1 shows the gains in crop yields due to biotechnology.

IRRI was founded by the Ford Foundation, Rockefeller Foundation and the Government of the Philippines in 1960.

When Marcos Sr. was looking for a viable solution to the problem of food insecurity, IRRI had already developed its high yielding varieties.

One of the best things that came out of the pre-martial law government of Marcos Sr. was the successful introduction of the high yielding varieties of rice in the Philippines. When they talk openly about their disappointment about the continuing high cost of food or the propensity of importing food, Filipinos pride themselves as being in a country which succeeded in increasing the yield of rice from 1.5 to at least three tons of rice. Our fellow ASEANs, including the more successful countries in agriculture, Thailand and Vietnam, had agronomists who were educated in IRRI in Los Baños, they often say.

Masagana 99 was the program Marcos Sr. implemented to introduce the high yielding varieties. It was administratively costly. Farmers were extended credit to grow high yielding varieties of rice, and not all of it was recovered. If we look at other countries like India, what they had was extension work and demonstration plots, which were less costly compared to credit extension. Marcos Sr. could have followed the same, and in the process avoided using credit to entice farmers to adopt the higher yield rice varieties and making them dependent on the government.

If we look at another successful introduction of a better technology here in the Philippines that has been implemented efficiently, I suggest we look at the adoption of genetically modified (GM) corn varieties. GM corn is the answer of agronomists to the corn stem borer and weeds, both of which reduce the yield of corn. The technology was permitted to be grown in the Philippines in 2003. The technology owners made use of extension work and demonstration plots, just like what was done in India for wheat in the 1960s. The government was not instrumental in promoting the technology other than setting up the regulatory system needed to ensure the safe and responsible use of modern biotechnology. No credit was extended to farmers, but somehow the adoption was rapidly successful.

Several technologies are waiting to be introduced to increase crop yields or make the plants more useful, most of which make use of modern biotechnology. Compared to the breeding used by agronomists during the Green Revolution in the 1960s, modern biotechnology is more precise in developing improved varieties. GM sugar, available in other countries, has the potential of boosting the productivity of our sugar farms.

We have successfully developed so-called “Pinoy GMOs” such as GM eggplant and golden rice. This rice introduces protection of the population from Vitamin A deficiency, which has killed millions of children in less-developed countries for at least the last three decades.

Recently the Department of Agriculture issued a circular on plant breeding innovations. The circular distinguishes between genetically modified improved varieties and crop engineered varieties not using a foreign gene. The circular prepares the Philippines to regulate and thus facilitates introduction of the most advanced varieties produced by modern biotechnology.

The National Committee on Biosafety of the Philippines (NCBP) is considering a new circular on agricultural applications of genetically modified animals. The technology has the potential to improve the country’s livestock and fisheries industries.

One of challenges these days is the high cost of fertilizer, now three times more expensive than fertilizer prices before the Ukraine-Russian war. Yesterday, I attended a briefing about foliar fertilizer. This technology supplies both macro-nutrients (NPK) and trace elements such as boron, copper, iron, and zinc to the plant. Not only is this more affordable, i.e., its price did not increase as inorganic fertilizer did, it is more effective than the traditional granular inorganic fertilizer. It is applied on the leaves of the plants, and is released gradually to improve absorption of the fertilizer by the plant, resulting in higher yields compared to granular fertilizers. Over the long term, using foliar fertilizer prevents unfavorable nutrient interactions in the soil, which reduces the fertility of the soil.

Like most improved technologies, information on foliar fertilizer needs to be disseminated to our farmers who are now looking for more affordable yet still effective fertilizers. However, to avoid the high cost of Masagana 99, and emulate the good practice of introducing GM corn, BBM may consider the lessons we learned on agriculture under his father: make use of the advanced technology, rely on the private sector to disseminate the technology, avoid unnecessary spending which makes farmers dependent on government, and focus spending on generating so-called “public goods” such as dissemination of information, research, and infrastructure.

Ramon L. Clarete is a professor at the University of the Philippines School of Economics.

A plea to the 19^th Senate

July 24, 2022 | 5:32 pm

As the 19^th Congress convenes today, we make an earnest appeal that the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) be ratified. Let me say it straight — the Philippines cannot afford not to be a part of RCEP. Our failure to ratify participation will consign the country to an economic disadvantage so severe that it will retard our development for decades.

It will be recalled that the 18^thSenate adjourned without voting on the ratification of RCEP. They cited the lack of safety nets for the farming sector as the reason for non-ratification. The Philippines, along with Indonesia and Myanmar are the only economies who have failed to ratify their participation so far. Meanwhile, the rest of the RCEP countries have been benefitting from the many advantages of the treaty since January 1^st this year.

RCEP members include the 10 ASEAN countries plus Australia, China, Japan, South Korea, and New Zealand. There is an open invitation for India pending the resolution of certain socio-political concerns on New Delhi’s part.

RCEP provides its members with ease of market access and ease in trade. Ease in market access is realized through preferential tariffs, minimized trade barriers, and simplified customs procedures. More significantly, RCEP has a common framework for Rules of Origin which simplifies procedures for exporting products using foreign components. All things considered, participation in RCEP brings forth lower costs, trade convenience, better complementation between trading partners, and increased competitiveness among its member states.

On the legal front, RCEP has adopted common laws that govern intellectual property rights, trade, competition, and government procurement. Common laws translate to the absence of trade disputes and legal friction among members.

The Philippines has all to lose by not ratifying RCEP. This is because 52% of our exports and 63% of our imports are sold to and bought from RCEP countries. One can imagine how our thriving electronics industry will come to a screeching halt if Philippine-made electronic products are slapped with higher tariffs and its imported components are taxed twice. One can imagine the economic blowback if our exports of frozen food and fresh fruits are subjected to stiff non-tariff barriers. One can imagine the financial losses if our tuna exports are denied market access since fishing origins cannot be defined.

In terms of importation, non-participation in RCEP will result in more expensive landed costs for raw materials, components for re-export, capital goods, agriculture fertilizers, etc. Worse, the cost of our food will become more expensive, specifically rice, sugar, chicken, and pork. This is the last thing we need in this era of high inflation.

In investments, the Philippines garnered the 4^th largest intake of FDIs in 2021, 58% of which originated from RCEP members. Non-participation in RCEP will cause the Philippines to be bypassed in global supply chains, leaving benign the reforms we have worked so hard to put in place. These include the CREATE (Corporate Recovery and Tax Incentives for Enterprises) Law, the Foreign Investment Act Amendment, the Retail Law Amendment, and the Public Service Act Amendment. If we are out of the RCEP, our neighbors will develop rapidly on the back of FDIs while the Philippines will be left behind.

We have already lost seven months of trade benefits and while we have not felt its impact yet, you can be sure its consequences will be palpable soon. What stings badly is that the reasons for non-ratification were, for the most part, politically motivated. Senators running for re-election did not want to be blamed by farmers for acceding to open up the agricultural sector. It is a textbook case of self-interest getting in the way of national development.

Protection for our backward farming sector should not hold hostage the development of the entire economy. It is but one piece of a complex economy comprised of many sectors.

President Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos, Jr. voiced out his support for RCEP. We hope the 19^th Senate heads the call of the president, of business groups, of foreign chambers and civil society, all of whom call for RCEP’s ratification.

********

Angela Gaddi, Ryan Robert Flores, and Ram Bautista are art mavericks. Back in 2019, the trio established Vintana.ph, an online gallery that features works by Filipino contemporary artists. Their mission is to bring Filipino art to a wider audience and to foster greater art literacy among the public.

During the pandemic, the worldwide web served as an ideal venue to highlight Filipino art. But now that restrictions have relaxed, the folks at Vintana.ph have mounted their first face-to-face art exhibit featuring 15 of the country’s most talented, up-and-coming artists.

The exhibit is entitled Little Big Art Show since it is a small show featuring big talent. I attended the show at the Artsbury Gallery (Orion St., Bel Air, Makati) and was delighted by the paintings, sculptures, and installations on offer. The featured artists include Dex Fernandez, Lourd de Veyra, Kiko Escora, Manuel Ocampo, Aba Lluch Dalena, Angie Bandoy, Kirk Dijamco, Erick Encinares, Jojo Barja, Hamilton Sulit, Jaime Pacena, Chinnich Conadao, Art Tavera, Jared Yokte, and Lena Cobangbang.

Although the exhibit area is small at 170 square meters, the space was well curated, putting the spotlight on selected works of the artists.

The 15 artists were personally vetted by Vintana.ph and chosen for the messages they convey. Admittedly, the works are out of the norm. Many of them are dystopian, dark and dream-like. Some works are overkill maximalist. Others feature erotica and rage. Some are expressions of mental illness. I thought it was interesting how Filipino artists are stepping out of the stereotypes and becoming bold, intrepid, and unapologetic. The works are impeccably executed and thought provoking.

The exhibit runs until July 27 but the works will continue to be on display at www.vintana.ph.

I am glad to see the art scene thriving in the Philippines. We have a long way to go before our artists realize the global recognition they deserve. Initiatives like the Little Big Art Show are a step in the right direction and certainly worth our support.

Andrew J. Masigan is an economist

andrew_rs6@yahoo.com

Facebook@AndrewJ. Masigan

Twitter @aj_masigan

Expectations on a SONA

July 24, 2022 | 5:32 pm

Marcos-BBM-1 — President Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr. answers questions from the media after his first Cabinet meeting at the Heroes Hall of the Malacañan Palace, July 5. — PHILIPPINE STAR/KRIZ JOHN ROSALES

A little history of the State of the Nation Address (SONA) by the President of the Philippines to Congress (from the Official Gazette):

The State of the Nation Address or SONA is delivered by the President of the Philippines every year. In it, the Chief Executive reports on the state of the country, unveils the government’s agenda for the coming year, and may also propose to Congress certain legislative measures. The SONA is a constitutional obligation, required by Article VII, Section 23 of the 1987 Constitution:

“[T]he President shall address the Congress at the opening of its regular session.”

Article VI, Section 15 prescribes that the Congress “shall convene once every year on the fourth Monday of July for its regular session.”

The first SONA was delivered by President Manuel L. Quezon during a special session of the National Assembly on Nov. 25, 1935, in fulfillment of the mandate under the 1935 Constitution to give a report of “the State of the Nation” to Congress on its opening session. After 1935, the opening session of each Congress changed date several times, and succeeding SONAs followed the opening of Congress for the particular year before it settled to the every-fourth Monday of July schedule under the 1987 Constitution.

There have been 84 SONAs (including today’s SONA by newly elected President Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr.), delivered by 15 presidents since Manuel L. Quezon, in their terms of office. Two presidents after Quezon had no SONAs: Jose P. Laurel, who served under the Japanese-installed interim government in 1943; and Sergio Osmeña who served in the continued Commonwealth government from 1944 to 1946, just before the granting of independence to the Philippines by the United States of America on July 4, 1946.

Note that President Ferdinand E. Marcos, Sr. delivered his SONAs on each January of his first elected four-year term 1966 to 1969, and three SONAs for his subsequent re-elected term until he declared Martial Law on Sept. 21, 1972, whereupon there was no reason to do a SONA, because there was no Congress that represented the people to whom he would have addressed his state of the nation address. (The 7^th Congress on its 3^rd Session for the year 1972 was aborted by Martial Law.) Under his 1973 Constitution, Marcos did five annual talks to the people on the anniversary date of Martial Law, Sept. 21, from 1973 to 1977.

The Interim Batasang Pambansa (Interim National Assembly) was the legislature in Marcos’ time, inaugurated on June 12, 1978, and standing to June 5, 1984. It was a transitional legislative body mandated by the 1973 Constitution for the shift from a presidential to a semi-presidential form of government. Between and including June 12, 1978, and July 22, 1985, Marcos Sr. delivered another eight talks, five of which were defined as SONAs, at the new Batasang Pambansa complex in Quezon City. It was not until July 27, 1987, that the 8^th Congress opened, 15 years after the shutting down of the 7^th Congress by Marcos’ declaration of Martial Law. Corazon C. Aquino, president after the EDSA Revolution that ousted Marcos, made her first SONA before the 8^th Congress that year, pursuant to the 1983 Constitution that restored full democracy to the Philippines.

And today July 25, 2022, the 84^th SONA is addressed to the 19^th Congress by the 17^th President of the Philippines, Ferdinand “Bongbong” R. Marcos, Jr. It is 37 years and two days from when his father, Ferdinand Sr., delivered his last SONA on July 22, 1985, before his fall from power in 1986. Marcos Sr. delivered a total of 20 SONAs in his time.

In a dizzying fast-forward cum flashback, the Batasang Pambansa built by Marcos Sr. 44 years ago (1978) is the same venue for the first SONA of Marcos Jr. (noted by CNN Philippines News July 22, 2022). The plenary hall was recently renovated and refurbished, at a cost of about P100 million, in time for Marcos Jr.’s first SONA. It can now seat some 350 solons with the physical distancing requirements of the long-staying COVID-19 pandemic (Manila Bulletin, July 20, 2022).

The frenetic security preparations for the SONA might show some paranoia over what could physically go wrong on such a grand occasion. From the 15,000 security personnel utilized to secure the inauguration of President-elect Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos, Jr. on June 30, less than a month ago, Metro Manila police chief Maj. Gen. Felipe Natividad said the figure for the SONA is now at almost 22,000 security personnel in order to maximize protection of the event (mb.com.ph, July 16, 2022). But an instinctive collective anxiety rises above the basic concern for the safety of the president and the VIPs. The inauguration was victorious jubilation (for the 31.5 million voters who made Marcos Jr. win) while the SONA is about the expectations of 115 million Filipinos for their survival and quality of life — for the short and medium term of the six years incumbency of the president, and for the long term as the future will evolve from the successes and failures of the years under the leadership of the new president.

“Samahan niyo po ako at pakinggan ang estado ng ating bansa at ang mga plano at mithiin natin bilang isang sambayanan para sa mga susunod na taon (Join me and listen as I talk about the state of our country and our plans and aspirations as a nation in the succeeding years),” Marcos Jr. said in a Facebook post published July 17 (The Philippine Star, July 19, 2022).

He is expected to enumerate his priority bills and to ask Congress to pass measures that will help his administration conduct its programs. Economic managers hint that the President will also present the details of the government’s medium-term fiscal framework, cutting the budget deficit and reducing the debt-to-gross domestic product ratio from 63.5% as of the first quarter of 2022 to 60% by 2025. The economy is expected to grow by 6.5% to 7.5% by year-end 2022 and by 6.5% from 2023 to 2028. Marcos Jr. aims to reduce poverty incidence to 9% and to elevate the country to upper middle-income status, where per capita income for Filipinos is at $4,046 by the end of his term (Ibid.).

Marcos Jr., having chosen to take personal and official management of the Department of Agriculture, promises to increase food production and decrease food importations. He said he will strengthen the Philippines’ value chain to address a food crisis that he said may affect the Philippines in the next two quarters. He will work on food security by increasing the production of rice, corn, and livestock while ensuring that their prices remain affordable.

“I will get it done, no excuses from me,” President Marcos, Jr. said at his inaugural speech on June 30. “You picked me to be your servant, to enable changes to benefit all. I fully understand the gravity of the responsibility that you’ve put on my shoulders. I do not take it lightly, but I am ready for the task,” Marcos, Jr. said (newsinfo.inquirer.net, June 30, 2022).

“I watched a man who saw what had been achieved since independence in a land of people with the greatest potential for achievement and yet they were poor. But he got this done,” the newly elected president said, without mentioning the name of his father (Ibid.).

And the collective consciousness of the expectant Filipino is sucked into dazed memories of past SONAs when presidents thumped their chests for claimed victories, promising more conquests for the people and for the country. The stupor from cloying rhetoric may have deadened discernment of issues and the distortion of facts — even the revision of history.

What can really be expected from a SONA?

Amelia H. C. Ylagan is a doctor of Business Administration from the University of the Philippines.

ahcylagan@yahoo.com

Monkeypox outbreak is now a global health emergency — WHO

July 24, 2022 | 5:24 pm

THE RAPIDLY spreading monkeypox outbreak represents a global health emergency, the World Health Organization’s highest level of alert, WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said on Saturday.

The WHO label — a “public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC)” — is designed to trigger a coordinated international response and could unlock funding to collaborate on sharing vaccines and treatments.

Members of an expert committee that met on Thursday to discuss the potential recommendation were split on the decision, with nine members against and six in favor of the declaration, prompting Tedros himself to break the deadlock, he told reporters.

“Although I am declaring a public health emergency of international concern, for the moment this is an outbreak that is concentrated among men who have sex with men, especially those with multiple sexual partners,” Mr. Tedros told a media briefing in Geneva.

“Stigma and discrimination can be as dangerous as any virus,” he added.

He said the risk of monkeypox — which spreads via close contact and tends to cause flu-like symptoms and pus-filled skin lesions — was moderate globally, except in Europe, where the WHO has deemed the risk as high.

The White House said the declaration was a “call to action for the world community to stop the spread of this virus.” Raj Panjabi, director of the White House pandemic preparedness office, said a “coordinated, international response is essential” to stop the spread of the disease and protect communities at the greatest risk of contracting it.

Previously, Mr. Tedros has typically endorsed expert committee recommendations, but two sources told Reuters earlier on Saturday said he had likely decided to back the highest alert level due to concerns about escalating case rates and a short supply of vaccines and treatments.

So far this year, there have been more than 16,000 cases of monkeypox in more than 75 countries, and five deaths in Africa.

The viral disease has been spreading chiefly in men who have sex with men in the recent outbreak, outside Africa where it is endemic.

Health experts welcomed the WHO’s decision to issue the PHEIC declaration, which until now had only been applied to the coronavirus pandemic and ongoing efforts to eradicate polio.

“The right result is clear — not declaring an emergency at this point would be a historic missed opportunity,” said Lawrence Gostin, a professor at Georgetown Law in Washington, D.C., calling the decision politically brave.

The decision should help contain the spread of the viral disease, said Josie Golding, head of epidemics and epidemiology at the Wellcome Trust.

“We cannot afford to keep waiting for diseases to escalate before we intervene,” she said.

JUNE MEETING
The WHO and national governments have been facing intense pressure from scientists and public health experts to take more action on monkeypox.

Cases of the viral disease have ballooned since the committee first met at the end of June, when there were only about 3,000 cases.

At the time, the expert group agreed to reconsider their position on the emergency declaration if the outbreak escalated.

One of the key issues driving a reassessment was whether cases would spread to other groups, particularly children or others who have been vulnerable to the virus in past outbreaks in endemic countries.

On Friday, the United States identified its first two monkeypox cases in children.

WHO officials said on Saturday they were exploring the possibility of the virus spreading via new modes of transmission. — Reuters

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