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Peso edges up before US Fed policy review

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THE PESO inched up against the dollar on Tuesday before the US Federal Reserve’s two-day policy meeting, which was scheduled to start overnight.

The local unit closed at P57.295 per dollar on Tuesday, strengthening by half a centavo from its P57.30 finish on Monday, Bankers Association of the Philippines data showed.

The peso opened Tuesday’s session stronger at P57.21 against the dollar. Its worst showing was at P57.36, while its intraday best was at P57.20 versus the greenback.

Dollars exchanged rose to $1.11 billion from $1.02 billion on Monday.

“The dollar-peso initially traded lower on softer-than-expected US retail sales and manufacturing data, but bounced back to trade at a tight range on market caution ahead of the Fed meeting,” a trader said in a phone interview

The weaker data supported bets that the Fed could resume its easing cycle within the year, Rizal Commercial Banking Corp. Chief Economist Michael L. Ricafort said in a Viber message.

For Wednesday, the trader expects the peso to move between P57 and P57.50 per dollar, while Mr. Ricafort sees it ranging from P57.20 to P57.40.

“The local currency might continue to gain ground [on Wednesday] on likely softer US housing data overnight,” a second trader said, forecasting a range of P57.15 to P57.40.

US retail sales rebounded marginally in February as consumers pulled back on discretionary spending, reinforcing the growing uncertainty over the economy against the backdrop of tariffs and mass firings of federal government workers, Reuters reported.

Nonetheless, the report from the Commerce department on Monday suggested that the economy continued to grow in the first quarter, though at a moderate pace.

Retail sales rose 0.2% last month after a downwardly revised 1.2% decline in January, which was the biggest drop since November 2022, the Commerce department’s Census Bureau said.

Economists polled by Reuters had forecast retail sales, which are mostly goods and are not adjusted for inflation, advancing 0.6% after a previously reported 0.9% drop in January.

That decline followed hefty gains in the fourth quarter and winter storms in many parts of the country in January as well as wildfires in California.

US President Donald J. Trump’s raft of tariffs, which have unleashed a trade war, has ignited worries about inflation as well as job and income losses, developments that could undercut consumer spending. Mass layoffs of public workers as part of an unprecedented campaign by the Trump administration to shrink the federal government are also seen hurting spending.

Federal Reserve officials meeting on Tuesday and Wednesday are expected to leave the US central bank’s benchmark overnight interest rate in the 4.25%-4.5% range, having reduced it by 100 basis points since September, and continue to assess the economic impact of the Trump administration’s policies.

Financial markets expect the Fed to resume cutting borrowing costs in June after it paused its easing cycle in January amid a darkening economic outlook.

The dollar index, which measures the currency against six key rivals, has dropped around 6% from the more than two-year peak of 110.17 hit in mid-January. It was last up 0.13% at 103.59. — A.M.C. Sy with Reuters

PSEi halts three-day rally on trade war concerns

REUTERS

THE BENCHMARK stock index dropped on Tuesday, ending a three-day rally, as trade war concerns weighed on the market.

The Philippine Stock Exchange index (PSEi) fell by 0.34% or 21.51 points to end at 6,284.68 on Tuesday. Meanwhile, the broader all shares index inched up by 0.27 point to 3,723.09.

“Philippine shares gave up some gains after trading in the green recently driven by tariff uncertainties and weak consumer confidence, with retail sales in the United States rising 0.2%, below forecasts,” Regina Capital Development Corp. Head of Sales Luis A. Limlingan said in a Viber message.

“Markets remain volatile amid US President Donald J. Trump’s shifting trade policies and Elon Musk’s cost-cutting moves, while officials brace for economic turbulence to push reforms,” he added.

US retail sales rebounded marginally in February, but fell short of expectations, reflecting the increasing uncertainty over tariffs and large-scale firing of federal government employees, Reuters reported.

Mr. Trump’s tariff hikes will drag down growth in Canada, Mexico and the United States while driving up inflation, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development forecast on Monday.

Global growth is on course to slow slightly from 3.2% in 2024 to 3.1% in 2025 and 3% in 2026, the Paris-based policy forum said, cutting its projections from 3.3% for both this year and next in its previous economic outlook, issued in December.

Mr. Trump, speaking aboard Air Force One on route to Washington, also repeated he had no plans to create exemptions for the 25% steel and aluminum tariffs that went into effect last week.

“The PSEi corrected slightly lower, considered a healthy correction after gaining for three straight trading days… after recent reports of upcoming share sales that could increase supply of stocks and could also cause some fund shifts from existing stocks towards these new stock offerings,” Rizal Commercial Banking Corp. Chief Economist Michael L. Ricafort said in a Viber message.

Majority of sectoral indices closed lower on Tuesday. Services dropped by 0.68% or 14.22 points to 2,070.54; financials went down by 0.41% or 10.04 points to 2,418.42; industrials declined by 0.22% or 19.82 points to 8,702.65; and holding firms inched down by 0.21% or 10.98 points to 5,221.16.

Meanwhile, mining and oil went up by 2.63% or 234.42 points to 9,116.90 and property climbed by 0.66% or 14.65 points to 2,230.79.

Value turnover increased to P8.47 billion on Tuesday with 1.30 billion shares traded from the P5.26 billion with 1.33 billion issues exchanged on Monday.

Advancers beat decliners, 100 versus 92, while 44 names were unchanged.

Net foreign buying declined to P337.16 million on Tuesday from the P357.25 million on Monday. — Revin Mikhael D. Ochave with Reuters

PPP project pipeline valued at P2.6 trillion as of March 10

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THE Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Center said the pipeline of PPP projects was valued at P2.6 trillion as of March 10, with the addition to the list of maximum-security prisons.

The pending projects had been valued at P2.47 trillion a month earlier.

According to the PPP Center, the Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) Project KILO seeks to create four modern “Supra-Regional Prisons” (SRPs) that can hold 55,000 prisoners.

The BuCor will also build a Bureau of Corrections Head Office and Central Reception and Diagnostic Center.

Also added to the list was the P1.56-billion Metropolitan Manila Development Authority Emergency Response Center. The project consists of a 15-storey building that will serve as its emergency operations center. 

Also added was the P344-million Development of Water Supply System for the Municipality of Mangatarem project in Pangasinan, which will provide potable water to 62 barangays in Phase I; and the P110-million Localized Online Visitor Ecosystem Metro Manila: Phase 2 of the Philippine Tourism Digitalization Project.

A Septage Treatment Plant in Sagay City, Negros Occidental also joined the list, with a cost of P70 million.

Other projects are the O&M of the Panguil Bay Bridge Project, the Public-Private Partnerships for School Infrastructure Project Connect and the TUBO: A Tariff and Utility Blueprint for Water Operations Model for the Iligan City Waterworks System.

Of the eight new projects, six are national level while two are local. Five of the six projects were solicited, according to a document released to reporters on March 18.

Meanwhile, the PPP Center also delisted six projects, consisting of two national and four local projects.

Of the projects that were delisted, the Aquilino Q. Pimentel, Jr. International Convention Center Project in Cagayan de Oro City was removed from the pipeline “following its award and is now reflected in the PPPC database of projects under implementation.”

The P1.87-billion Cavite Bus Rapid Transit System was also removed for the same reason. — Aubrey Rose A. Inosante

Hopes pinned on FTAs, CREATE MORE law to spur export growth

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EXPORTERS said they are banking on the Corporate Recovery and Tax Incentives for Enterprises to Maximize Opportunities for Reinvigorating the Economy (CREATE MORE) Act and free trade agreements (FTAs) to serve as export growth drivers this year.

“Our exports of goods and services may only reach $110 billion this year,” Philippine Exporters Confederation, Inc. (Philexport) President Sergio Ortiz-Luis, Jr. said at a general membership meeting on Tuesday.

The Philexport projection is below the $113.42-billion target set in the Philippine Development Plan and the $163.6-billion target set in the Philippine Export Development Plan.

“In addition to the insufficient budget for export promotion, we will continue to face key domestic and external risks this year,” Mr. Ortiz-Luis said.

These risks include weather disturbances, extreme natural disasters, an acute and protracted global economic slowdown in major economies, ongoing geopolitical tensions and conflicts, trade wars, and protectionist trade policies, especially in the US, he added.

He called the CREATE MORE Act and the proposed FTA with the European Union (EU) as potential silver linings.

“The CREATE MORE Act is expected to effectively position the Philippines as a key investment destination,” he said.

“An FTA between the Philippines and the EU is likewise on track for completion next year, with significant progress made during last month’s second round of talks,” he added.

He said that the FTA will not only enhance market access for goods, services, and investment, but also address emerging trade areas such as critical growth, materials, climate change, environmental sustainability, labor, and governance.

“The EU currently accounts for 11% of Philippine exports and 6% of its imports. In terms of investments, the EU is one of our largest sources, with approved investment of $13.4 billion in 2023,” he added.

He said that the group is also looking at the reauthorization of the US Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), which had eliminated duties on 5,000 tariff lines until it expired on Dec. 31, 2020.

“We were the fifth-largest beneficiary of the US GSP, with about $1.6 billion in duty-free exports entering the US that year,” he said.

“The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) is gauging interest from the second Trump administration in an FTA, while seeking reauthorization of the GSP, and the establishment of a critical minerals agreement,” he added. — Justine Irish D. Tabile

Meat, fish prices rise in early March

PHILIPPINE STAR/ EDD GUMBAN

MEAT and fish prices rose in early March, the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) said in a report.

The price of fresh pork belly (liempo) in the March 1-5 period, which the PSA calls the first phase of March, rose to P384.08 per kilo from P378.84 in the previous monitoring period of Feb. 15-17 and P375.02 a month earlier, the PSA said.

It said a kilo of round scad (galunggong) retailed for an average of P235.26 per kilo in early March, against P231.24 in the second phase of February and P226.43 a month earlier.

The government imposed a maximum suggested retail price (MSRP) of P380 per kilo for liempo and at P350 for kasim (shoulder) and pigue (rear leg) beginning March 10.

The Department of Agriculture (DA) also imposed a maximum suggested price of P300 per kilo on traders when they pass pork on to retailers.

The level of compliance with the pork MSRP remains low over a week since it took effect, the DA said on Monday, attributing the persistent high prices to the high wholesale prices charged by traders.

The government first applied the MSRP scheme to rice, initially setting it at P58 per kilo.

The PSA said a kilo of regular-milled rice averaged P46.30 per kilo at retail during the first phase of March, against P47.19 in the second phase of February and P47.77 a month earlier.

Inflation eased to 2.1% in February from 2.9% in January as rice inflation dropped to 4.9%, the sharpest decline since April 2020.

The PSA said tomato averaged P75.65 per kilo at retail during the first phase of March, against P90.64 in the second phase of February and P109.42 a month earlier.

In early March, the farmgate price of tomato was as low as P4 per kilo in some parts of the country due to excessive supply.

The PSA said native garlic retailed for a national average of P185.73 per kilo during the first phase of March, against P183.75 in the second phase of February 2025 and P182.35 a month earlier.

Carabao mango averaged P176.99 per kilo at retail on March 1 to 5 from P182.74 in the second phase of February and P191.19 a month earlier.

The PSA said the average retail price of cooking oil increased was P171.18 per liter in early March from P170.20 in the second phase of February and P170.24 a month earlier. — Kyle Aristophere T. Atienza

Pending legislation a bigger issue for developers than ‘political noise’

PHILSTAR FILE PHOTO

THE political turmoil accompanying the arrest of former President Rodrigo R. Duterte is not expected to affect the real state industry, which is more concerned that legislators are not distracted from passing key legislation, according to property consultancy Colliers Philippines.

“I think developers here are wise enough to tune out all the political noise right now, and just focus on what needs to be done to make the Philippines a very good investment destination,” Colliers Philippines Director and Research Head Joey Roi Bondoc said during a briefing in Parañaque City on Tuesday.

He was responding to a question about client concerns about potential disruptions to the industry.

“If you’re a developer that is land banking, this political noise is a non-issue,” he added, noting that legislation like the National Land Use Bill or the Right of Way Acquisition Act Amendment are what the industry is focusing on.

Last week, Mr. Duterte was served a warrant issued by the International Criminal Court over alleged crimes against humanity that accompanied his anti-drug crackdown.

Mr. Duterte was flown on a chartered jet bound for The Hague hours later after his arrest at the airport after his return from Hong Kong.

“What’s important is that our politicians do their job and implement and enact all these pro-business measures that will eventually lead to a faster growing economy and a thriving property sector,” Mr. Bondoc said.

Mr. Bondoc said Colliers Philippines has seen a shift in focus among property developers to outside of Metro Manila amid a slowdown in take-up.

He added that Metro Manila’s office vacancies are expected to increase to 22% this year from 19.8% at the end of 2024 after the implementing rules and regulations of the Corporate Recovery and Tax Incentives for Enterprises to Maximize Opportunities for Reinvigorating the Economy law (CREATE MORE) allowed registered locators to adopt 50% work-from-home arrangements, up from 30% previously.

“We’re not seeing a substantial reduction in office space vacancy. Developers and brokers need to look for other demand drivers,” he said.

Mr. Bondoc said one development that could gain momentum is more attractive payment terms such as extended downpayment options and higher cash discounts.

“The ready for occupancy (RFO) promos are getting sweeter. We’re now seeing all these very attractive payment terms, and this will likely be the norm moving forward,” he said.

“Now is a good time to invest, but you also have to be wise enough to look for the sweetest and most attractive promo for RFO units,” he added.

Meanwhile, Mr. Bondoc said election years typically have a positive impact on property sales.

“What’s interesting is that 12 months after the conclusion of every election, condo sales usually pick up,” he said.

Midterm elections are scheduled for May 12. — Revin Mikhael D. Ochave

Biofertilizer company sees opportunity to sell product across Southeast Asia

DA.GOV.PH

A COMPANY that recently constructed a biofertilizer plant in Laguna said it considers sales of its product to be feasible elsewhere in Southeast Asia.

Agri Specialist, Inc., which recently launched a 7,200 metric-ton capacity biofertilizer facility, said neighboring countries can also benefit from the plant’s output as early as this year, citing potential markets like Vietnam, Indonesia, and Thailand. Even Bangladesh, according to Chief Executive Officer and President Mario C. Labadan, Jr.

On Sunday the company opened a 2,000-square meter fully automated manufacturing facility producing nitrogen-fixing bacteria known as Bio N, a blend of Azospirillum bacteria and nutrient-rich mediums developed by the University of the Philippines Los Baños in 1985.

The Department of Agriculture has long promoted Bio N, but Agri Specialist is the first to commercially offer the regenerative agriculture product, which promises to increase farmer incomes while reducing dependence on imported fertilizer.

Five 200-gram packs of the Bio N fertilizer can be spread across each hectare of rice or corn land, according to the company.

One kilo of Bio N is functionally equivalent to 100 kilos of urea, Mr. Labadan said, saving farmers about P2,500 per hectare of rice or corn.

He said the company plans to export Bio N across the region once it captures at least 20% of the domestic market.

He said the Agri Specialist hopes to benefit from the Tatak Pinoy Act of 2024, which prioritizes Philippine-made goods in government procurement.

The Philippines imports about 90% of its inorganic fertilizer.

“We need a little bit of preferred status,” Mr. Labadan added.

Bio N replaces 30-50% of the total nitrogen requirement of rice and corn.

It has been tested by rice farmers in 13 regions over the last two cropping seasons. — Kyle Aristophere T. Atienza

Bohol port expansion project for cruise ships awarded

PHILSTAR FILE PHOTO

THE Philippine Ports Authority (PPA) said it awarded the P667.44-million expansion project for Bohol’s Port of Catagbacan, serving cruise ships, to JFAP Construction.

In a notice of award, PPA said the Ormoc-based company obtained the contract to develop the site in Loon, Bohol.

The contractor has 720 days to complete the project, the PPA said. 

According to the resolution of PPA’s bids and awards committee, 10 companies bought bid documents for the Port of Catagbacan project. 

Earlier this month, Premium Megastructures, Inc., another construction company based in Ormoc City, won the P704.55-million contract to build a new cruise terminal in Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro.

The PPA’s website lists the Ports of Currimao, Ilocos Norte, Salomague, Ilocos Sur, as well as facilities in Manila, Bohol, and El Nido, Palawan as currently equipped to accommodate cruise vessels.

The PPA has said that it is working on several port projects including expansions, terminal construction and rehabilitation works.

The PPA has set a 2025 passenger target of 85.41 million, 9.5% higher than the 2024 target.

The port regulator said it expect more sea travel in 2025 due to the growing demand for domestic travel. — Ashely Erika O. Jose

Flat tax seen easing burden on top earners — think tank

People line up to file their income tax returns at the Bureau of Internal Revenue office in Intramuros, Manila, April 18, 2022. — PHILIPPINE STAR/ RUSSELL A. PALMA

POLICYMAKERS should consider simplifying the income tax regime via a flat, with top earners currently a disproportionate burden, possibly jeopardizing fiscal stability, according to a House of Representatives think-tank.

In a report, the Congressional Policy and Budget Research Department (CPBRD) said legislators could explore changes to the income tax system, saying that the Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion (TRAIN) Law is overburdening top earners, with the effect of narrowing the tax base.

It recommended a 10% or 15% flat tax for those earning more than P250,000 a year to simplify the tax code and make it more fair to taxpayers.

“The income tax base became narrower after the passage of the TRAIN Law,” the report’s authors, David Joseph Emmanuel Barua Yap, Jr., Edrei Y. Udaundo, and Jubels C. Santos wrote.

“Policymakers are enjoined to explore alternative tax structures, such as a flat tax that simplifies compliance or a shift toward consumption-based taxation that broadens the revenue base,” they added.

The TRAIN Law, signed by former President Rodrigo R. Duterte in December 2017, sought to rationalize the tax system by exempting individuals earning less than P250,000 annually from income taxes. It also imposed excise taxes on sweetened beverages and raised duties on petroleum, automobiles, tobacco, and other goods to offset foregone revenue. 

“The changes to income tax brackets and income tax rates resulted in major shifts in the distribution of the income tax burden,” the think tank said.

While top earners already bore the majority of the income tax burden prior to the TRAIN Law, its passage has further increased their share, according to the CPBRD.

The tax share of top earners — with earnings of at least P1.35 million in 2017 — amounted to 72.4% (P183 billion), according to Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) data cited in the paper.

By 2023, those earning P1.43 million or more accounted for 88.1% (P258 billion).

“These figures suggest that recent improvements in income tax revenue in recent years came largely from top income earners,” the think tank said. “The continued narrowing of the tax base, in turn, suggests that the growth prospects of income tax revenue may be constrained as overall performance relies on a small portion of income taxpayers.”

“The large burden placed on the top income earners increases the vulnerability of revenue streams to shocks,” it added.

Income taxes account for 10% to 12% of the National Government’s revenue, according to the CPBRD report.

Implementing a 10% flat tax could yield the government P152 billion, while a 15% rate could generate P227 billion, according to CPBRD estimates based on 2023 BIR data.

Policymakers should also look at reorienting the tax structure towards consumption, either by increasing the value-added tax (VAT) rate or introducing new and targeted excise taxes.

“Shifting the tax burden from income to consumption incentivizes savings and investment by allowing taxpayers to retain their full earnings upfront and taxing them only when they spend,” the CPBRD said.

“This has the potential to further stimulate economic growth by encouraging capital accumulation,” it added.

Increasing the VAT rate to 14% from 12% could raise P168 billion in revenue, the report added.

The impact of consumption-based taxes could be cushioned for “low-income individuals” by exempting basic goods from rate increases or by offering discounts on their purchases similar to the current senior citizen discount system, the CPBRD said.

Legislators should also make the national budget more cost-efficient by cutting down on “wasteful and questionable spending practices.”

The government should explore “right sizing” the bureaucracy to trim spending, the report added. “A modest downsizing effort would compensate for — a large part of the expected revenue losses from the removal of income taxes.”

A 10% reduction in government payroll could generate P160 billion in savings — equivalent to half of the 2023 income tax take, the CPBRD said. — Kenneth Christiane L. Basilio

Philippine military offers support for civilian convoy planning concert at sea

ABOUT a hundred fishing boats left Masinloc, Zambales on May 15 to escort the second Philippine civilian mission to Scarborough Shoal (Bajo de Masinloc) in the South China Sea. The group led by Atin Ito! placed symbolic buoys at sea and distributed supplies including fuel and food packs to Filipino fishers in the waterway that China claims almost in its entirety. — PHILIPPINE STAR/ MIGUEL DE GUZMAN

By Kenneth Christiane L. Basilio, Reporter

THE PHILIPPINE military is prepared to support a civilian convoy that will head to contested areas of the South China Sea in May to deliver supplies to local vessels and perform a “sea concert.”

The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) wants these civilian organizers to coordinate with the military to ensure their safety, Philippine Navy Rear Admiral Roy Vincent T. Trinidad told a news briefing on Tuesday.

“The Armed Forces welcomes all civic groups that would like to show support to the stance of the government in the West Philippine Sea,” he said, referring to areas of the South China Sea within the country’s exclusive economic zone.

“The Philippine Navy, the Armed Forces and other government agencies are always ready to support them in their endeavor and to provide assistance, if and when necessary,” he added.

The Atin Ito (This is Ours) coalition on Monday said it was finalizing the details of the voyage, but it is planning to start the trip to the Spratly Islands on May 25.

The mission will last three days, Rafaela David, president of party-list group Akbayan and co-convener of the coalition, told a news briefing.

The groups would deliver supplies to Filipino fishermen and troops and hold a concert to assert Philippine sovereignty over certain features of the disputed waterway, she added.

“Actions like this — a group sail and the third organized by that particular group — is very much welcome provided that they get the right coordination with the appropriate government agency,” Mr. Trinidad said.

Ms. David earlier said they would not seek government approval for their mission to ensure it is purely civilian-led.

Mr. Trinidad said they are willing to escort civilian sails, but on a “case-to-case basis.”

“The presence of the AFP and the Philippine Navy in the West Philippine Sea is based on the patrol plans of the Northern Luzon Command and Western Command,” he said. “In the event of specific details, like particular requests for escorts by different civil society groups, this will be taken up on a case-to-case basis.”

The Philippine Navy expects a “foreign player” to react to the Philippine convoy, Mr. Trinidad said, alluding to China. “Tensions… are not the result of the actions of the Armed Forces. This is the result of a foreign player who would like to control not only the West Philippine Sea but also the South China Sea.”

The Chinese Embassy in Manila did not immediately reply to a Viber message seeking comment.

China claims almost the entire South China Sea, parts of which are also claimed by the Philippines, Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia and Vietnam. A United Nations-backed tribunal in The Hague in 2016 voided China’s claim for being illegal.

The Philippines and China have repeatedly clashed in the sea, one of the world’s busiest shipping routes, due to overlapping claims over disputed maritime features.

Manila has accused China’s coast guard of aggression at sea, while Beijing is furious over what it calls repeated provocations and territorial incursions by its neighbor’s coast guard.

Meanwhile, Mr. Trinidad said the Philippine military could secure the Environment department while it conducts biodiversity research at Reed Bank and Commodore Reef and as it sets up a scientific research station at Thitu Island.

“The role of the Armed Forces is to provide a security blanket in any part of the archipelago to allow other government agencies to be able to perform their mandate,” he said. “If we have to… escort them, as what we have done in the past… then we are prepared for that.”

Palace says ICC has power to probe drug deaths under ex-President Duterte

FORMER PRESIDENT RODRIGO R. DUTERTE — REUTERS

By John Victor D. Ordoñez and Chloe Mari A. Hufana, Reporters

THE PRESIDENTIAL palace on Tuesday said drug-related deaths under former President Rodrigo R. Duterte fall under the International Criminal Court’s (ICC) jurisdiction since Manila was still a member of the tribunal at the time.

“What the President said is that there is no jurisdiction now, that’s true,” Presidential Communications Office (PCO) Undersecretary Clarissa A. Castro told a news briefing.

“But the crimes that happened… prior to the withdrawal from the Rome Statute are under its jurisdiction,” she added, citing the treaty that created the ICC.

The tough-talking leader, who was President from 2016 to 2022, was arrested last week in Manila, marking the biggest step yet in the ICC’s probe of his alleged crimes against humanity during an anti-illegal drug crackdown that killed thousands and drew condemnation around the world.

The Hague-based tribunal has been investigating him for crimes he allegedly committed when he was Davao City mayor and during the first three years of his government, when the Philippines was still a party to ICC.

The Philippines under his administration withdrew from the ICC’s founding treaty in 2019 when it started looking into allegations of systematic extralegal killings.

President Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr. earlier said his government was just doing its job in carrying out the ICC arrest warrant and cooperating with the International Criminal Police Organization, adding that it was nothing personal against his predecessor.

“The ICC case against Duterte is not a putdown or diminishing of domestic courts,” Maria Kristina C. Conti, an ICC-accredited lawyer representing several victims of the drug war and secretary general of the National Union of Peoples’ Lawyers (NUPL) in the National Capital Region, said in an e-mail.

“In fact, this case would be considered as instructive on the part of Philippine courts as well because we pick up jurisprudence from international bodies when the courts take on substantive international law,” she added.

During his six years in office, 6,200 suspects were killed during anti-drug operations, by the police’s count. Human rights groups say the deaths could be as many as 30,000.

Mr. Duterte could become the first former Asian head of state to stand trial at the ICC, a court that has largely handled cases from African nations.

The firebrand leader made the crackdown on the illegal drug trade a key plank of his election campaign, promising to kill 100,000 criminals in his first six months in office and throw so many bodies in Manila Bay that the fish there would “grow fat.”

“Taking cue henceforth, we hope local courts accorded jurisdiction under law could take enough notice how concepts and principles, specifically of crimes against humanity, are evolving,” Ms. Conti said.

‘IT’S A DONE DEAL’
Meanwhile, Ms. Castro said it would be up to Solicitor General Menardo I. Guevarra whether to stay in his post after he recused himself from Supreme Court lawsuits seeking to declare former President Rodrigo R. Duterte’s arrest as illegal.

“Nothing has been discussed about (about the President replacing Mr. Guevarra) because this is very recent,” she said. “But perhaps it would be better if the solicitor general himself assesses whether he is still fit to serve.”

In a Viber message to reporters, Mr. Guevarra, who was Mr. Duterte’s Justice secretary, said it he would leave it to the President to decide on whether to keep him as solicitor general.

“The Office of the Solicitor General is not only the government’s counsel; it is also the tribune of the people,” he said. “The President, in his wisdom, fully understands this.”

In a related development, government prosecutors asked the Supreme Court to dismiss the consolidated lawsuits filed by Mr. Duterte’s children seeking to nullify his arrest for being moot.

“The President was merely complying with [Philippine] international obligations and performing his role as the chief architect of the country’s foreign policy,” the Department of Justice said in a 33-page pleading.

“This naturally is well within the President’s discretion to do so, and the exercise thereof is patently a political question, which is beyond the review power of the courts,” Justice Undersecretary Nicholas Felix L. Ty, said in the plea.

The petition to produce Mr. Duterte’s body had been mooted by the fact that he is no longer in the country and is now under the ICC’s custody, he added.

“It’s a done deal,” Justice Secretary Jesus Crispin C. Remulla separately told reporters, referring to the ex-President’s arrest. “He’s already there [in the Netherlands], and he said he will face all the charges,” he added in mixed English and Filipino.

Also on Tuesday, Supreme Court spokesperson Camille Sue Mae L. Ting said the tribunal had ordered the Duterte siblings — Sebastian, Veronica and Paolo — to comment on the DoJ pleading within five days.

The High Court also “noted without action” the motion for reconsideration filed by Mr. Duterte and his former police chief, Senator Ronald M. Dela Rosa, seeking to reverse its denial of a restraining order against the ex-President’s arrest.

The ICC has scheduled Mr. Duterte’s trial for Sept. 23.

BI cites rising cases of trafficking involving scam groups

PHILSTAR FILE PHOTO

THE Bureau of Immigration (BI) on Tuesday sounded the alarm over the increasing number of Filipino trafficking victims leaving the country through backdoor routes to work for scamming groups overseas.

In a statement, Immigration Commissioner Joel Anthony M. Viado noted that the bureau has been enhancing border security measures, local authorities should work together to prevent illegal departures.

He cited three repatriated trafficking victims — two women and one man — had returned to the Philippines on March 16 from Phnom Penh, Cambodia, aboard a Philippine Airlines flight.

They had been lured into working as “love scammers” and endured over two months of physical assault and torture from their employers before seeking help from the Philippine Embassy.

Upon their arrival, the National Bureau of Investigation took custody of the victims and started a probe against their recruiters.

Initial investigations showed that the victims had no official record of departure from the Philippines. They reported having left the country illegally by traveling on a small boat from Jolo, Sulu to Sabah, Malaysia.

In Sabah, their passports were stamped with a fake Philippine departure stamp before they moved by land to Kuala Lumpur, flew to Bangkok and eventually arrived in Cambodia, the agency said.

The victims were recruited through Facebook by a fellow Filipino who promised them customer service representative jobs in Cambodia, with an offer of a monthly salary of $1,000 (P57,200). But upon arrival, they were trained to work as “love scammers” and were paid only $300.

When they tried to transfer to another employer due to underpayment, they were physically assaulted, had their phones confiscated, and were later abandoned in an unfamiliar location.

They eventually managed to contact the Philippine Embassy, which facilitated their repatriation.

A forensic examination by the bureau’s Documents Laboratory confirmed that the victims’ passports carried fake departure stamps.

Mr. Viado said addressing human trafficking requires a “whole-of-government” approach. He cited the need for increased vigilance by local government and law enforcement agencies, particularly in areas prone to illegal departures.

He also cited a recent study by the Inter-Agency Council Against Trafficking on backdoor routes as a significant step toward safeguarding vulnerable areas and preventing further exploitation of Filipino workers.

“Everyone must work together, as there is a need to strengthen efforts at all levels to curb illegal departures,” he said. “Traffickers are exploiting illegal routes to avoid detection by Immigration, making it crucial for local government units and local authorities to increase monitoring and enforcement in vulnerable areas.” — Chloe Mari A. Hufana