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Facebook starts campaign vs online child abuse

PHILSTAR

Facebook has launched a campaign in the Philippines to raise awareness about online sexual exploitation of children.

People should stop sharing photos and videos that show child abuse, Malina Enlund, Facebook Trust and Safety manager for Southeast Asia, told an online forum on Wednesday. People should instead report content to report content where kids are harmed, she added.

A study conducted by Facebook from October to Nov. 2020 showed that nine of 10 child exploitative content that were shared or reshared had been reported earlier.

“Copies of just six videos were responsible for more than half of the child exploitative content we reported in that time period,” Ms. Enlund said.

Out of 150 Facebook accounts that shared malicious content, more than 75% did so without malice and were just for humor, she said.

Facebook is “cooperating closely with law enforcement to protect children and improve our approach,” she added.

The Justice department said cases of online sexual exploitation of children rose by almost four times to 279,166 last year from 2019.

The agency is working closely with Facebook to collect evidence against perpetrators, Yvette T. Coronel, executive director of the Inter-Agency Council Against Trafficking, told the same forum.

The campaign was launched in other countries a week ago, Ms. Enlund said, adding that they would soon find out how effective it has been. — Bianca Angelica D. Añago

DENR law enforcement team, NBI nab agarwood worth P2.9M 

BOC

MEMBERS of the newly created Environmental Law Enforcement and Protection Service (ELEPS) and the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) seized 18 kilograms of agarwood valued at P2.9 million from illegal traders, the Environment department reported on Wednesday.

The sale of agarwood, a rare and expensive raw material used in perfumes, is illegal in the Philippines.

The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), in a statement, said operatives confiscated the agarwood from two suspects in Quezon City on June 15.

DENR said the wood’s value may be 10 times the reported price considering the environmental cost, which is crucial when evaluating the impact of environmental crimes.

“The real worth of the contraband is placed at ₱29 million, or at least 10 times more than its market value, if we will factor in the environmental services that were lost as a result of the illegal cutting of these threatened trees,” ELEPS Director Reuel Sorilla said.

ELEPS officer Rogelio D. Demelletes, Jr. explained that agarwood is extracted from the Lapnisan and Lanete trees, both in the DENR’s national list of threatened Philippine plants based on an administrative order issued in 2007.

“It is very difficult to tell if a tree has produced agarwood, and so this results in the indiscriminate cutting of Lapnisan and Lanete,” he said.

On Wednesday, the DENR said the two suspects are now detained at an NBI facility and facing charges for violating the Wildlife Resources and Protection Act and the Revised Forestry Code of the Philippines.

If convicted, they face a jail term of six to 12 years, and a fine ranging between P100,000 to P1 million.

Earlier this month, the DENR announced the creation of the ELEPS, an interim body which will focus on enforcing environment protection laws as the department waits for the passage of a proposed legislation creating a new agency for that purpose. — Angelica Y. Yang

QC gov’t to end contract with Zuellig on vaccination booking service    

THE QUEZON City government said on Wednesday it has decided to terminate its contract with Zuellig Pharma Corp. for the vaccination booking service EzConsult after another round of access problems reported by residents.

“We have already given Zuellig ample time to improve their system upon their request and yet their system has crashed again for the 9th time. We don’t want to cause undue stress to our constituents who only want to register for vaccination,” Mayor Maria Josefina “Joy” G. Belmonte said in a statement on June 30.

“Earlier, they reported an upgrade of their system which supposedly could already accommodate up to 50,000 users at a time. However, their system crashed again when we opened new slots,” she said.

Bookings made through EzConsult remain valid, according to the city government, “until the contract termination has been finalized.”

Residents can also register for vaccination through the city government-assisted QC Vax Easy portal at www.qceservices.quezoncity.gov.ph/qcvaxeasy.

The city’s lawyer, Orlando Paolo F. Casimiro, said the local government intends to file for damages against the company.

“The Information Technology portion of the Service Agreement with the city government will be terminated and damages will be claimed against Zuellig because of the delays, inconvenience and frustration that our QCitizens have experienced,” he said.

Bacarro appointed as next Southern Luzon commander 

PRESIDENT Rodrigo R. Duterte has appointed Major General Bartolome Vicente O. Bacarro as the next head of the military’s Southern Luzon Command, according to the Defense department.

Mr. Bacarro will assume the position on July 21, Defense Secretary Delfin N. Lorenzana told BusinessWorld on Wednesday.

Mr. Bacarro will replace Lieutenant General Antonio G. Parlade, Jr., who currently serves as a spokesman for the government’s anti-communist task force.

Mr. Parlade, who has been controversial for red-tagging civic leaders and journalists, is set to retire on July 26.

Mr. Bacarro received the country’s highest military award for courage, the Medal of Valor, for leading his troop in repulsing 150 communist rebels in Isabela in northern Philippines in January 1991, according to the state news agency. He was a young lieutenant at that time.

In 2019, Mr. Bacarro resigned from his position as Commandant of Cadets at the Philippine Military Academy following the death of Cadet Fourth Class Darwin Dormitorio due to hazing.

In April this year, Mr. Bacarro was installed as the commanding general of the Philippine Army’s Jungle Fighter Division. — Kyle Aristophere T. Atienza

Local governments, DPWH have most corruption complaints — DoJ 

PHILSTAR

LOCAL GOVERNMENTS and the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) were the subject of most corruption complaints received by a special task force in the first half of the year, according Justice Secretary Menardo I. Guevarra.

Mr. Guevarra said on Wednesday the Task Force Against Corruption (TFAC) led by his department received 220 complaints from January to June 9, mainly involving “anomalous transactions perpetrated jointly by these LGUs (local government units) and (DPWH) district engineering offices.”

Other agencies with complaints include the Land Registration Authority, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Bureau of Customs, and various government-owned and controlled corporations.

“Around 210 of these complaints had been acted upon quietly by the task force,” Mr. Guevarra told reporters in a group message.   

Of the total complaints, at least 15 cases were endorsed to the Office of the Ombudsman for further investigation, another 15 were referred to the National Bureau of Investigation for case build-up and possible criminal investigation, while others were referred to other government agencies for administrative investigation.   

To help prevent further cases of corruption, Mr. Guevarra said the Ombudsman’s office, Commission on Audit, and the Justice department are finalizing a memorandum of agreement “that will revive the deployment of resident ombudsmen in certain graft-prone agencies.”

The agreement is expected to be signed within July.

He added that the Justice department has proposed to work with the Department of Education (DepEd) to intensify values formation in the school curriculum, “particularly on the virtues of honesty, integrity, and love for country” among the youth.

“I have not received a formal reply from the DepEd, but I am sure that Secretary (Leonor M. Briones) will give her wholehearted support for intensified value formation among young students,” Mr. Guevarra said. — Bianca Angelica D. Añago

Drilon anticipates ruling party split, but not sure advantage to opposition   

SENATE.GOV.PH

SENATE MINORITY Leader Franklin M. Drilon said he expects a split in the ruling political party, but the opposition to which he belongs will have to go the extra mile to turn it into an advantage in the 2022 elections.

“This development will have, to me, serious implications in the 2022 election, the ruling party will be split,”  Mr. Drilon, vice chairman of the Liberal Party, said at a forum on Wednesday.

He said he expects Senator Emmanuel “Manny” D. Pacquiao to be removed as acting president of the ruling party Partido Demokratiko Pilipino–Lakas ng Bayan (PDP-Laban) following his rift with President Rodrigo R. Duterte, the party chairman.

“I expect Manny Pacquiao to be removed as party president of PDP-Laban and the signal is the President told Secretary (Alfonso G.) Cusi go ahead and convene that committee [meeting] in Cebu last month, so, that gives an indication of what will happen in the next several weeks,” he said.

The senator, however, said it will take “a lot of work for us (Liberal Party) to take advantage of it.”

“It will not harm the opposition to have the split, it will certainly help pag nahati ang (if there’s a split in the) administration given all the resources given all the troll farms, given the social media expense and resources that they have, certainly a split will help the opposition,” he added.

The Liberal Party has yet to take any “concrete step” on the political development, said Mr. Drilon, and they are still concentrating on the possibility of Vice President Maria Leonor G. Robredo, the party chair, running for a higher position.

If not, the party is open to alliances, he said.

Mr. Duterte on Monday night said he would campaign against Mr. Pacquiao if he fails to identify the alleged corrupt government officials.

Mr. Pacquiao, in a statement on Tuesday, accepted the challenge of the President.

The senator cited anomalies in the government’s purchase of rapid test kits, masks and other materials for the coronavirus pandemic. He also asked the Health department to account for expenditures.

In a statement on Tuesday evening, Health Secretary Francisco T. Duque III said the department was “disheartened” by the accusations.

“While we are disheartened by these baseless accusations from our government officials, we submit ourselves to inquiries from legislators as this is a part of the checks and balances in our government,” Mr. Duque said.

Presidential Spokesman Herminio L. Roque, Jr. on Wednesday slammed the statement of Mr. Pacquiao, who remains an active professional boxer.

Mr. Roque, in an online briefing, said the senator might have been absent when the report was presented to the Senate or he “may have been preoccupied with something else.” — Vann Marlo M. Villegas

Haze over capital partly from Taal Volcano emission, but still mainly due to man-made smog — Phivolcs 

THE HAZY sky over the capital region Metro Manila since Monday is partially due to plumes emitted by Taal Volcano but is largely on account of smog from human activities, the state volcanology agency said on Wednesday.

In a statement, the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Phivolcs) said satellite data gathered in the past days show that the volcanic smog or vog from Taal has been dispersing over large parts of the northern mainland of Luzon.

“The plumes extend from the planetary boundary layer or PBL, representing near-ground surface levels, to the upper troposphere at almost 20 kilometers above sea level and mostly spread over the Batangas, Laguna, Cavite, Rizal, Bulacan, Pampanga, Bataan and Zambales Provinces and the National Capital Region,” Phivolcs said.

“Satellite detection on 29 June 2021 showed an even larger coverage of Luzon Island,” it added.    

On June 28, the agency released an alert on volcanic smog from Taal, but initially discounted public speculations “about the presence of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and vog in Metro Manila and the surrounding provinces based on their observations of haze.”

“Our Institute had initially negated these observations due to the lack of substantiating evidence on our part and the general direction of wind and SO2 dispersal from Taal to the northeast and east since 28 June 2021,” it said.

SO2 is a colorless toxic gas that can cause nose and throat irritation, and could be life-threatening when inhaled in large concentrations.

But with the scientific data from various satellite platforms, Phivolcs said it “stands to acknowledge evidence of the wider extents that volcanic SO2 have actually spread” over the capital and surrounding provinces.

“As a scientific institution, we have been reminded again of the value of uncertainty and the limitations of our data, the value of citizen observation and the need to constantly challenge our own perceptions… We would like to reassure the public that we are committed to provide the best and most current volcano monitoring data available, especially that these have important safety and health implications,” Phivolcs said. — MSJ

LRMC designates 5 stations for Angkas ride-hailing services 

LRMC FB PAGE

LIGHT RAIL Manila Corp. (LRMC), the private operator of Light Rail Transit Line 1 (LRT-1), said on Wednesday that passengers may start hiring Angkas to and from its five designated stations on July 1, with a promotional discount in the first three rides.   

“In an exclusive promotion, LRMC has designated select LRT-1 stations… as official pick-up and drop-off points for commuters taking Angkas,” the company said in an e-mailed statement. 

LRMC said the goal of its partnership with Angkas (DBDOYC, Inc.) is to provide a “seamless and convenient journey” for commuters. 

“Angkas passengers riding to or from participating LRT-1 stations can avail of a P15 discount (valid for 3 rides) when they use the following codes to book either as pick-up or drop-off areas: Baclaran (LRT1BCLN), EDSA (LRT1EDSA), Gil Puyat (LRT1GPYT), Pedro Gil (LRT1PGIL), and Monumento (LRT1MNMTO).” 

LRMC said the discount will be automatically deducted from the final fare. Promotion period will be from July 1 until Oct. 31. 

LRMC President and Chief Executive Officer Juan F. Alfonso said: “Through this partnership, we are promoting the use of public transport as an efficient way of going around Metro Manila.” 

“As we continue to upgrade the transportation system in Metro Manila, we have the opportunity to work together and integrate different modes of public transport for a seamless and convenient experience,” he added. 

George I. Royeca, Angkas co-founder and chief transport advocate, said: “We always look forward to working hand in hand with the government and private sectors so we can give commuters the support they need especially in important transit points like the LRT1.” 

“This is another big step towards inclusive mobility and economic recovery,” he said. 

LRMC is a joint venture of Ayala Corp., Metro Pacific Light Rail Corp. and Macquarie Infrastructure Holdings (Philippines) Pte. Ltd. It holds the P65-billion, 32-year contract to operate LRT-1 and build its extension to Cavite. 

Metro Pacific Investments Corp. is one of three Philippine subsidiaries of Hong Kong’s First Pacific Co. Ltd., the others being PLDT, Inc. and Philex Mining Corp. Hastings Holdings, Inc., a unit of PLDT Beneficial Trust Fund subsidiary MediaQuest Holdings, Inc., maintains interest in BusinessWorld through the Philippine Star Group which it controls. — Arjay L. Balinbin 

Migration and financial stability: A model on how to get there

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Last week, I presented a model of a migrant’s road to financial stability, which is composed of two stages: Achieving Independence and then Achieving Stability. All of this is based on two precipitating conditions: an indebted road to migration and a home bias for investing. Today we detail how to achieve financial independence. Although this study is specific to poorer population of migrants, there is a lot to learn for all other members of society.

Financial freedom. I found that in order to achieve financial independence, one needs more than simply financial freedom, although this is the most obvious thing to consider. The default situation of indebtedness is what largely structures the migrants’ strategies and behaviors during the first few years abroad, in that everything they do is targeted at paying off their debts. This was true even when such loans bore no interest or had no strict deadline. They implemented strict budgets both in the host and home countries, often sacrificing daily necessities for the sake of setting aside money for debts. To achieve this, they relied upon a series of mechanisms to impose discipline on accumulating lump sums such as joining the rotating credit scheme we have seen in Microfinance called the paluwagan, which put social pressure to save.

Professional freedom. At the beginning stages of migration, a migrant is at the mercy of his or her employer or employers. In domestic work, references and recommendations are key, and given the short-term nature of the work, networking is essential to getting more work. During this period, many employers are abusive and do not pay the social security fees for the migrant or provide a low salary knowing that the person is desperate for work and has debts to pay. The migrant thus concentrates efforts on accumulating professional experience and her network to improve job opportunities targeted towards increased income flow. For several months, they do not do other activities other than work, work overtime, and accept odd or thankless jobs.

Social freedom. Above and beyond simply having a financial debt to work for and pay off, however, is the social aspect attached to the debt and the relationships that could suffer because of this pressure. When one is poor, relationships matter all the more. Maintaining good relationships is the key motivator for migrants to pay off their debts as soon as possible.

“My reason why I want to settle everything, is because — true or not — it’s as though I feel that the way I am treated by my debtors is not the same as before, now that I owe them money.” (Eduardo)

The first means to repair or at least not put a relationship in jeopardy is to pay the debts as soon as possible and to cut the debt relationship with the closest relatives. This reduces their dependency on people, allowing them to have social freedom and gain acceptance once again.

Psychological freedom. Finally, migrants felt psychologically imprisoned by the debt which caused them depression and demotivation.

“You know, people with debts, even before sleeping, I don’t know if you have experienced it already… before closing one’s eyes, the problem of the debt is on your mind. And even before having opened your eyes (in the morning), it is on your mind again. It’s that hard. (Eduardo)

FACILITATORS TO MOVE TO STAGE 2
Though many migrants could normally get out of the debt within two to three years by working hard, many of them remained indebted or in a very unstable financial situation despite their improved resources. There was only one explanation for this: they felt the need to repay moral debts, what in Filipino is called utang na loob. This meant that whenever a person approached them for money, they found it difficult to refuse. They not only felt the need to help each other out, but they want to do this; this is their source of success and joy.

“I am very good at listing things when it comes to what I owe, but when it comes to the things I give, I don’t list that down.” (Jenalyn)

To counteract this strongly embedded cultural norm, two facilitators are needed in order for a migrant to shift from being independent to achieving stability. These are financial literacy training and the availability of products for inclusive finance.

Financial literacy training. I perused survey data from the Leadership and Social Entrepreneurship program of the Ateneo de Manila University, a program which teaches leadership, financial literacy, and social entrepreneurship to migrants across 10 countries. One of the key highlights of the survey is that after financial literacy training, participants were more aware of setting limits to remittances or “giveaways” to friends and relations.

Availability of products for inclusive finance. Another key facilitator was the fact that traditional banking in France was largely inclusive even to migrants with no papers. Anyone could open a bank account with savings accounts and even create home savings schemes. Having a bank account was necessary to be able to do any future transaction in France and migrants quickly adapted to the system.

When we talk about financial independence, it is not just having an income to support oneself or being free from debt. It is the combination of financial, professional, social, and psychological freedom. And yet this still may not lead to financial stability because of cultural impediments or unforeseen circumstances. To move to that next stage, financial literacy and inclusive finance remain key.

 

Daniela “Danie” Luz Laurel is a business journalist and anchor-producer of BusinessWorld Live on One News, formerly Bloomberg TV Philippines. Prior to this, she was a permanent professor of Finance at IÉSEG School of Management in Paris and maintains teaching affiliations at IÉSEG and the Ateneo School of Government. She has also worked as an investment banker in The Netherlands. Ms. Laurel holds a Ph.D. in Management Engineering with concentrations in Finance and Accounting from the Politecnico di Milano in Italy and an MBA from the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.

President Noy’s framework: Dignity and democracy

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I write this column four days after former President Benigno S. Aquino III or, to me, simply President Noy, passed away on June 24. The time was 6:30 a.m., as officially declared by the Capitol Medical Center.

Soon after the official announcement and confirmation of President Noy’s death, tributes from all over the world came in. Soon enough too, the paid master troll swung into action, ordering his minions to put a negative spin on the late president’s death and the subsequent outpouring of grief. The trolls’ bosses couldn’t muster that kind of sympathy.

So, obediently, the trolls accused the Aquino family and sympathizers of neglecting President Noy and leaving him all alone in his home to fend for himself. Saying that the mourners and sympathizer were paid to attend the wake and line the streets. These were the trolls’ predictable reactions. Their frame of reference was “I need to be a troll because I benefit from it. It all protects my masters so they can continue getting benefits for themselves and for me.” Pathetic.

Anyway, we’re done with the trolls. We’ll just consign them to the circular file where they and their masters belong.

As we recall President Noy’s life, our mind races back to the first time we became aware of him and the rest of the family. Housewife Cory Aquino had been the main pillar of the family in the absence of husband Ninoy. The rest of the family had dutifully stayed in the background and avoided drawing attention to themselves. Marcos had locked up their father in jail together with thousands of other political opponents.

Benigno Aquino III, Noynoy, was only 12 when Ninoy was hauled off to several jails. Ninoy, Marcos’s most vocal and popular adversary, had been incarcerated since Sept. 23, 1972, two days after the official declaration of martial law was signed by Marcos. The document was known as Proclamation 1081.

On Aug. 18, 1973, almost a year after the imposition of martial rule, my wife, Margie, and I were invited to the Aquino home on Times St. to observe in private the birthday of the eldest Aquino child, Maria Elena or Ballsy. We were told that Marcos might allow Ninoy to spend a few hours with his eldest on her birthday. As we drove that rainy night to the Aquino home from our place, about five minutes from Times St., I thought that “martial law was not all that bad after all.” The dispensation was allowing its fiercest enemy to visit his daughter on what was reportedly her 18th birthday. We arrived Times in driving rain.

In my excitement and to avoid being drenched, I hurriedly ran toward the entrance. In my haste, I accidentally slipped on the slope leading to the door of the family home.

Once inside, we joined the small group of Aquino relatives and friends — at least those who dared to be identified with the family.

Seated on one table was a long-haired young man, to whom Margie and I were introduced. The young man turned out to be Benigno Aquino III or “Noynoy,” then 13 years old, I was later to find out. He had his own guests. On the surface, no one in the family seemed anguished by the treatment given by the autocracy to Ninoy and to them. Everyone was, however, expectantly awaiting the arrival of Marcos’s prized catch. After some time, Ballsy announced that her father was not allowed to join her on her birthday. The temporary joy evaporated. The power of a dictator to manipulate and play with one’s emotions was very clear again at that instance.

Fast forward to April 10, 1975, when, in protest over his — a civilian’s — trial on trumped up charges before a military tribunal, Ninoy embarked on a 40-day fast that was to end on May 13.

As the fast progressed, family and friends of Ninoy gathered in celebration of the eucharist. a novena was being held in different churches and was attended by those who were not afraid to be “Aquino-tagged.” As the Aquinos themselves narrated, “‘friends’ avoided us as if they were stricken with leprosy.”

Fortunately, in days to come, and as if to encourage the family, the novena was well attended. One of the venues, St. Mary the Queen in Greenhills, was filled to capacity one sweltering summer night.

Present of course at the novena were the Aquino children, including Ninoy and Cory’s only son, Noynoy. He was, as usual, silently observing the proceedings and making a mental note of those who dared attend the novena.

Noynoy’s silence and his desire to merely observe have been mistaken for some kind of abnormality or ignorance of the political situation and, worse, for apathy and indifference.

During his mother’s presidency, he engaged in the same quiet observation and analysis. He observed how President Cory’s cabinet and other officials were carrying out their duties of governance. Silence did not mean lack of insight and informed judgment. It meant, however, that he was forming his own framework of analysis and governance based on personal experience, actual hardships of the family, and sentiments of people who were willing to be candid with him.

This framework would later form the basis of the basic principles of his governance. This was clear right at the start of the campaign. He was going to wage a campaign against corruption because corruption created poverty and poverty deprived people of their basic human rights to food, shelter, education: “walang mahirap, kung walang corrupt” (there would be no poor if there are no corrupt). And it wasn’t just a slogan. He meant every word of it. And so was the “daang matuwid” (straight path) theme. It came about because he was personally aware of the consequences of a crooked path.

At his inaugural speech, he expressed his disgust for the “wang wang” mentality. To President Noy, the “wang wang” — siren — was a symbol of entitlement and immunity from prosecution. It was an unacceptable “in your face” display of the inequality between the haves and the have nots.

The other part of the many parts of that framework was human rights. And on this issue, he needed no further insights. But if he added any other insight, President Noy discerned that poverty prevents people from exercising their basic human rights.

It is no surprise therefore that President Noy devoted his entire presidency to transparent and inclusive economic and infrastructure development. Based on his quiet studies, he was conscious of the ultimate impact of inclusivity on human dignity.

As some statesmen have said, the principle of human dignity is in most accord with democracy.

 

Philip Ella Juico’s areas of interest include the protection and promotion of democracy, free markets, sustainable development, social responsibility and sports as a tool for social development. He obtained his doctorate in business at De La Salle University. Dr. Juico served as Secretary of Agrarian Reform during the Corazon C. Aquino administration.

Activating local responses for digital education

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SCARCE e-learning technology restricts access to education, adds to the marginalization of countless youths, and further widens the gap between the few and the many. How could we even begin to address our country’s learning crisis in digital education?

Securing a computer for one’s education is one hurdle, and internet facility is another. These experiences replicate themselves in various regions, provinces, and cities in our country — as to the extent and depth they engender, they need to be closely examined: One experience is evolving value-change. Internet sites now offer video games for a chance to win computer laptops and tablets purportedly for schooling. Other chances for trying one’s luck are variety shows and raffle extravaganzas. Continuing one’s education is seemingly becoming a game of chance.

Two is making do. Mobile phones somehow enable school and college work no matter how ill-suited they are for online learning. In families where only working adults have mobile phones, they share them with their dependents who are studying. For young families with only one mobile phone, their children persist in their early schooling using worksheets that their parents or guardians get from school and designated drop-off points such as the local sari-sari store.

And three is studying through sheer grit. Our elementary school pupils as well as our high school and university students, especially those living outside cities or metropolitan areas, climb onto their housetops and on trees, study along the main highway or anywhere outside their homes to get a better internet connection.

What is to become of our young citizens, our future? In this pandemic whose end is not yet forthcoming, Filipino youth struggles to secure its digital education. Anecdotal accounts as well as quantitative data impinging on digital education confront us with cultural and material challenges, to wit:

Unlike television, a computer is not a standard home appliance, and a typical Filipino family will hardly dedicate its savings to it, remaining oblivious of a computer’s value for its children’s education.

Schools, especially public schools, largely remain dependent on printed materials as learning resources.

As a basic mobile phone now acts as a poor substitute for an online-learning ready computer in this time of COVID-19, 27% of adults have hardly any access to it (Mobile Technology and its Social Impact Survey 2018, Q4 & Q5. Pew Research Center), while nearly 60% of households cannot access the internet (Philippine Digital Economy Report 2020).

And for those who can access the internet, there exists widespread experience of slow internet connectivity. World Population Review data by country in 2021 peg the world average broadband speed at 55.13 with the Philippines hitting below average at 26.03, Indonesia at 22.35, Vietnam at 56.83, Malaysia at 91.49, and Thailand at 175.22.

In basic education, the Learning Continuity Plan of the Department of Education (DepEd) provided the framework for this first year of schooling in the pandemic, schoolyear 2020-2021. This government response has been excruciatingly difficult. We cannot leave government’s DepEd alone to lead us through a new era of digital education, mired as it has been for years in our country’s education problems. And, indeed, the DepEd has been soliciting help and cooperation from various sectors.

Budget constraints limited what DepEd could do at the onset. Blended learning, the chosen mode of delivering basic education, aims to combine worksheets and online instruction necessitating resources such as printing materials and digital equipment for use by both pupils and their teachers. Printing worksheets alone required billions, as much as P35 billion as per government announcement at the start of the schoolyear, and only a little less than half of the funds was readily available. Clearly, basic education was to suffer another crisis as the pandemic raged on.

Nevertheless, by January 2021, the DepEd website featured an article on the significant contributions of local government units (LGUs), non-governmental organizations  (NGOs), and external partners. A total of 475 of these external actors have partnered with DepEd school division offices thereby pushing response to digital education challenges at the local level. Four LGUs — Manila, Quezon City, Pasig, and Valenzuela City — all in Metro Manila, are cited for their provision of digital equipment such as cellphones and smartphones to their young constituents. But similar initiatives were taking place across the country, in other regions outside Metro Manila. DepEd’s regional offices reported a total of 1,202 donation activities to augment education needs in both print and digital sources.

On a national scale, how widespread are these initiatives that to date, are basically in the form of donations? Considering that a public school fundamentally fosters a sense of filial or family connection and community ownership, immediate action comes from the local. In the coming schoolyear, we may expect further development of more innovative responses from our LGUs, and NGOs that basically work as rooted in specific localities, plus external partners such as local firms, usually micro- and small-business establishments in a barangay, for example, and most importantly, citizen or people organizations. And surely, initiatives from our public-school teachers remain at the forefront. They stand closest to our pupils in this, their greatest education challenge. Public school teachers lead community action with the school heads, barangay officials, and homegrown enterprises.

For a chance for our nation to recover in this pandemic, harnessing these local organizations — that is, stirring a social movement from the ground-up for the sake of our children — is the only socially sustainable way.

 

May Zuleika Salao, PhD, is Program Director in Political Economy of the School of Law and Governance, University of Asia and the Pacific. As a scholar of the Hanns Seidel Foundation in Germany, she is presently a visiting researcher at the Department of Politics and Public Administration, University of Konstanz.

What’s new?

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IN HIS 2014 book, News: A User’s Manual, Alain de Botton tackles the news in all its forms. News has become almost a religion, an obligation to keep up with what’s going on around us. It’s the first thing we check when we wake up and take our coffee.

Journalists hold facts and accuracy to be sacred, with “bias” being the devil’s handmaiden. Still, the very selection of what set of facts to cover and how to put these in context clearly call for subjective judgment.

De Botton breaks down the news by type of coverage. Foreign news, from his perspective as British, though Swiss-born, tackle other countries and their crises. It raises the question of how we can even be interested in what happens elsewhere. The BBC, De Botton reports, had a bureau consisting of six journalists to cover Uganda. He wonders why. Okay, a British explorer named a famous lake in Uganda after Queen Victoria. So what if the head of the country had stolen aid money meant for to the needy? Should it bother the Brits? (That one has a familiar ring.)

De Botton has interesting takes on celebrity journalism — the rich and famous, and how they live. A 30-year-old “technopreneur” selling his pay platform for $300 million at age 30? Does this not stoke envy in the readers? As for the section on disasters, crime, and accidents of the bloodiest kind — the evoked emotion is relief. (I’m glad it wasn’t me the police killed in a case of mistaken identity.)

Coverage of “consumption” news is a relatively modern trend. De Botton devotes a whole section on journalistic reviews for the consumption of goods. These include travel, art, fashion, technology (which phone to buy), and food. Restaurant and hotel guides even assign stars bestowed by anonymous evaluators, sponsored by a tire company. (Yes, my dear, Michelin makes tires.)

2014 when De Bottons’ book came out seems like ages ago. (He has no section on fake news.) So, how do we now get our news in these parts and in these times?

The “personalization” of the news through an app is already mentioned by De Botton at the end of his book. This trend has accelerated. Our personal selection shows preference, and, yes, bias. We read news that confirm our own views, and support what we already believe in. This is what behavioral economists call “confirmation bias.” So, if we don’t believe in vaccination as an effective deterrent for getting the virus, but just a marketing offensive (in all the meanings of the word) of big pharma, we look for items to confirm our bias, like vaccinated passengers in a cruise testing positive anyway.

So, how do we get our news? Aside from the curated news alerts, we rely on Viber groups to feed us the latest posts and opinions. Aren’t there chat fights within the group when the pessimist spreads his fake and dated news to the consternation of the realists? (Please slug it out off-line.)

The proliferation of fake news is a recent phenomenon. It adheres to the belief propounded by Joseph Goebbels, Hitler’s Minister of Propaganda — “A lie told once remains a lie, but a lie told a thousand times becomes the truth.” The fake news is now even amplified by surveys to increase its credibility. Reposting and forwarding have made fake news the new chain letter.

At bottom, the question to ask is this — Who determines what facts constitute news with some relevance to the reader?

With the personalization of the news we pay attention to (or ignore), the phenomenon of selective perception now applies to current events. Unfortunately, indifference over, say, what’s happening in Burma, or, closer to home, the invasion of fishing grounds and oil deposits in the West Philippine Sea, can lead to events taking their course without any opposition.

Even “breaking news” can invite a shrug of the shoulders. As with the person called in the middle of the night by relatives or friends watching a fire breaking out in his vicinity on the news, the simple and comforting answer is plain — no, we’re fine. That’s the house across the road from us.

We can all go back to sleep… unless the firemen didn’t do their job.

 

Tony Samson is Chairman and CEO of TOUCH xda

ar.samson@yahoo.com