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NexGen seeks foreign partners for project pipeline

STOCK PHOTO | Image by Pixabay from Pexels

NEXGEN ENERGY CORP. is seeking foreign partners to help develop its pipeline of renewable energy projects, its president said.

“NexGen is continually in active discussions with investors from Japan, China, Europe, and the Middle East, who have expressed strong and serious interest in co-developing NexGen’s pipeline project,” NexGen President Eric Y. Roxas said in a statement on Thursday.

“Pursuing and moving our pre-development phases forward, we generate more interest in our projects as well as enhance our shareholder value,” he added.

The company is currently pursuing 14 renewable energy projects — two solar, seven offshore wind, and five onshore wind — all with awarded service contracts, Mr. Roxas said.

Four of these projects are already in advanced stages.

Among the company’s solar initiatives, NexGen is expanding its solar farm in Palauig, Zambales, by developing another solar facility with a capacity of 9.9 megawatts (MW), which is targeted to begin operations by mid-2026.

For its wind projects, NexGen said it has successfully erected a 120-meter meteorological mast — a structure used to confirm wind resource potential — at the sites of its 2,000-MW Real and 300-MW Mauban offshore wind projects.

The company is also preparing to install the met mast for its 200-MW Pandan Onshore Wind Project.

“With these milestones being reached, the company has registered for the government’s Green Energy Auction Program (GEAP) for the Palauig Solar Farm and plans to register for the upcoming GEAP 5 for its offshore wind projects,” the company said.

The government is preparing to launch the fifth green energy auction, which will cater to offshore wind power.

NexGen currently owns and operates three solar farms and has a development pipeline totaling over 1.5 gigawatts of wind and solar projects. — Sheldeen Joy Talavera

The importance of strengthening K-to-12

In Nelson Mandela’s words, “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” In the Philippine context, giving our youth a solid education empowers them to change their world and that of their families. Education is a basic human right.

For too long, Philippine graduates, especially at the high school level, were considered unprepared for the demands of higher education or immediate employment. The 10-year cycle often left students lacking the depth of knowledge and critical thinking skills needed in an increasingly complex global landscape. Additionally, the 10 years of basic education ranked among the shortest in the world, which made our graduates less competitive on a global scale.

The business sector experienced this gap, facing a persistent “skills mismatch” where industries struggled to find the right talent despite a large pool of job-seeking graduates. K-to-12, with its additional two years of senior high school (SHS), was designed to address this by offering specialized tracks that help students achieve better learning outcomes through the development of job-specific skills or preparation for higher education.

The promise of K-to-12 is a population that is not only larger in number but more importantly, of higher quality. Graduates are expected to be more mature and equipped with 21st century skills, including critical thinking, problem solving, communication, and collaboration. The technical-vocational tracks, in particular, offer great potential for direct employment, creating a pool of skilled workers who can immediately contribute to various industries without needing a college degree.

In response to recent calls to repeal the K-to-12 basic education framework enacted in 2013, FINEX, along with Philippine Business for Education and other representatives from the private sector, the business community, and civil society, signed a statement reaffirming our strong support for K-to-12 and echoing the call of President Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr. to improve its implementation. We continue to view this as essential for preparing young Filipinos for employment, lifelong learning, and active citizenship; items that are vital for a stronger Philippines.

However, the success of K-to-12 depends on implementation, and this is where the program has encountered significant challenges and criticisms. Simply adding two years of education does not address the problem, and we recognize major obstacles in its rollout. These include ongoing shortages of classrooms, and the curriculum itself has also been criticized for being “congested” and for not always fully aligning with the needs of higher education or specific industries, leading to a continued “skills-job mismatch.”

K-to-12 has also faced criticism for increasing the financial burden on families, especially those from lower-income backgrounds, who now have to cover two more years of schooling expenses. Although the program aims to enhance the immediate employability of SHS graduates, many still struggle to find work. Some critics have even called for ending the program, claiming that the system is “flawed” and has not delivered on its promised benefits.

Despite these challenges, proposals to repeal K-to-12 would be detrimental and our focus should be squarely on strengthening K-to-12’s execution as weak learning outcomes are observed long before SHS. The statement referenced a World Bank study that identified that more than 90% of Philippine students aged 10 years old cannot read a simple sentence.

Education has the power to transform a nation. Take the example of South Korea after the Korean War, when it was one of the poorest countries in the world, and compare it to today, when it is an economic powerhouse and a global leader in various high-tech industries including semiconductors, automobiles, shipbuilding, and consumer electronics. This transformation was achieved through a deliberate and substantial long-term investment in its education system, aimed at developing a highly skilled and educated population. South Korea made public and secondary education compulsory and practically universal. There was a focus on s cience, technology, engineering, and mathematics or STEM and vocational training, aligning these efforts with national development goals.

We all need to commit to making K-to-12 successful so the Philippines can reach our goals and prepare our youth to make a difference in the world. It will require a collective effort to strengthen core skills and align learning outcomes with our nation’s needs.

The views expressed herein are his own and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of his office as well as FINEX.

 

EJ Qua Hiansen is the chief financial officer of PHINMA Corp. and the president of the Financial Executives Institute of the Philippines.

Net Foreign Direct Investments

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS (FDI) in the Philippines rose 7.1% year on year in April, boosted by inflows from Japan and investments in the manufacturing sector, according to the central bank. Read the full story.

Net Foreign Direct Investment

Dreams unravel a mystery

STOCK PHOTO | Image from Freepik

The ultimate dreamer was Spanish surreal artist Salvador Dalí. He created melting clocks, floating objects with crystal decanters and spilled water that flows upwards, phallic symbols in his still life works, paintings with sexual undertones. His jewel-encrusted gold pieces with flawless cabochon rubies were sculptural and stunning. The magnificent emeralds and diamonds his manifestations of dazzling dreams.

The Dalí Museum in Figueres, Catalonia, Spain is the home of a precious abundance of paintings and objets d’art. In the open garden, there is an unusual and cool installation — a working shower inside a 1950s vintage car. It grabs attention. There are painted dinosaur sized eggs displayed atop the rampart walls. His gigantic powerful portrait with piercing eyes and the signature pointed curled moustache would transform itself and move — depending on how and where you looked at it from.

If one were to think of time in linear or chronological terms, it would be difficult to dream forward. But there is a phenomenon of clairvoyance, seeing the future in dreams.

Time is not necessarily a straight line of past, present, and future. It seems to be cyclical.

All of us dream — in vivid color or dramatic black and white. In deep slumber, and when there is Rapid Eye Movement (REM), the mind is free to explore another terrain — the imaginary world and the subconscious. Dreams are the collective memories of the past and, in some cases, the future. During the Alpha state, when one is between slumber and wakefulness, an automatic switch unlocks the brain’s data bank. Long stored images of forgotten events begin to flash onto the mind’s eye. It is like watching a disjointed, flickering old movie.

In the dream state, an individual with extra sensory perception (ESP) can “remember the future.” If it happens, that dream could be considered clairvoyant or prophetic.

A highly intuitive individual could solve complex problems or discover solutions while asleep. The answer comes in different forms — as seeing a situation with a different perspective, or a Eureka “aha!” moment.

We do not always remember our dreams unless we are suddenly awakened while dreaming in the REM phase.

Creative, imaginative individuals often dream in color. Their dreams are so clear they can almost see, smell, taste, hear, and feel everything. The experience seems real.

They have intensely moving dreams that are profoundly sad, frightening, haunting, bewildering, happy, or romantic.

While asleep, they talk, sleepwalk, laugh, cry, punch, wave, and make gestures.

Some people say they never dream. Others say that when they dream, they recall indistinct forms and vague shadows, abstract flashbacks from the film clips.

Psychologists say that keeping a dream journal helps thread the dreams and connect them like chapters of a book, or sequences of a movie. Some dreams are “replays” of recent episodes — with surprise twists. Others are projections of the subconscious and surreal fantasies.

Hidden desires and subconscious longings of the psyche appear in symbolic form. Underlying problems, anxieties and fears, pervasive feelings may appear as recurring, disturbing, distorted nightmares.

When people recall their dreams, they relate common experiences such as flying, falling, running after a speeding train and not being able to catch it, swimming against the current, sinking under the splashing waves.

Dreaming of being naked amidst a crowd could indicate a feeling of inadequacy, vulnerability, or guilt. The individual could be afraid of being exposed and is threatened by the possibility of disclosure.

Confusion is often depicted as being on a Ferris wheel or a spinning carousel. Climbing mountains are performance-anxiety dreams related to ambitious goals.

The phenomenon of déja vu defies logic.

Under hypnosis, some individuals can remember significant or traumatic memories of a previous incarnation. They instantly recognize places or people they have never seen in this lifetime. Sometimes, the process of recognition provokes intense feelings of closeness, attraction, or extreme dislike. It is inexplicable.

The accurate recollections of experiences are dreams. They may be valid or not, but they provide insights into an esoteric dimension.

To the lay person, the symbolism and surrealism of a dream are perplexing. What appears to be is not necessarily so. It is like seeing a mirage or apparition in the desert.

Whenever one has recurring dreams, it means that an important issue or a deep conflict needs resolution. Analyzing the journal would reveal hidden facets.

A career woman often dreamed of her old antique closet filled with lovely white and pastel lace dresses. She longed to try to wear some of the frocks, but she would always wake up. It recurred so she tried to draw some in her mind.

By chance, a dream analyst met her at an art exhibit. They talked about that dream. He explained that those dresses were the roles that she had not yet done. She nodded and forgot the comments.

Time went by.

Thirty years later, she had many interesting dreams but the one about the closet and dresses was not there anymore. In the meantime, she had accomplished several important projects, achieved difficult goals, and surpassed what she had set out to do.

She planted a tree, wrote more than one book, bore a child and climbed a small mountain, went high up on a parasail. She traveled to a few exotic places, and received a measure of recognition for her achievements.

Then one day, as she was meditating and walking by the seashore, she remembered what the analyst had said many years ago.

It finally made sense.

The blue space, the calm ambience opened yet another vista. A spiritual one.

Dreams may unravel a puzzle or solve a mystery.

By looking forward, one may find that flash of insight or inspiration for a scientific formula or practical invention, a sonata or symphony, a mural, a poem, a play.

Who knows what the dreamer can discover beyond the realm of logic?

 

Maria Victoria Rufino is an artist, writer and businesswoman. She is president and executive producer of Maverick Productions.

mavrufino@gmail.com

China detains female erotica writers in pornography crackdown

BEIJING — Police in China have detained dozens of young women authors in a genre of gay erotica widely known in Asia as “boys’ love” during a nationwide crackdown on online pornography, lawyers and activists familiar with the cases say.

The detentions since March have triggered debate on social media about the limits of free speech and the apparent sexist nature of the crackdown, while stirring sympathy for the authors, many of whom hail from low-income backgrounds.

“I just wanted to earn some money to ease my family’s financial burden,” one author of such works wrote in a May 25 post on microblogging platform Weibo before it was deleted.

“I never imagined that 300,000 clicks and 4,000 yuan in royalties accumulated by those obscure words over time would become criminal evidence,” she added, referring to a sum equivalent to about $560.

Police detained the women in the northwestern city of Lanzhou for violating a 2004 obscenity law that can carry jail terms of more than 10 years or life, though legal scholars want it overhauled to reflect changes in internet usage.

The writers, all aged in their 20s and early 30s, published their work on Haitang Literature City, a niche pay-to-read online platform specializing in the erotic fiction genre, popular with women, that features relationships between men.

The website is censored in China and can only be accessed by using virtual private network (VPN) software.

One author detained in April earned royalties of less than 10,000 yuan ($1,400) that supplemented her income from a series of menial jobs, said her defense lawyer, who sought anonymity for fear of police retaliation.

“In a country that emphasizes socialist morality, people’s concept of sex is influenced by the prevailing culture, so of course it is linked to freedom of speech,” the lawyer said.

“If these things cannot be written now, wasn’t Dream of the Red Chamber also obscene at the time?” they asked, referring to a famous 18th century Chinese novel.

Some authors may face trial as soon as this autumn if prosecutors decide to press charges, the lawyer added.

Lanzhou police did not reply to a request for comment.

In 2021, China’s state media regulator called for the removal of content depicting “abnormal sexual relationships,” a year after the official People’s Daily condemned boys’ love novels as “poison” that could “mislead young people on gender.”

Reuters was unable to confirm the number of women detained, although lawyers say some were later released on bail. None could be reached for interviews and family members declined to speak, citing safety threats.

In recent weeks, several have written social media posts about their experiences, only for these to be deleted later.

One described being detained by police in front of her university classmates. Others said police interrogated them about their sex lives and sexual orientation.

More than a dozen Chinese lawyers have publicly offered pro bono aid to authors and Haitang readers summoned by police.

China cracks down periodically on content it deems “immoral,” ranging from LGBT-themed social media accounts to “vulgar” livestreamers and influencers who “flaunt wealth.”

A crackdown on gay erotica last year saw more than 50 Haitang authors detained or fined by rural police in the eastern province of Anhui, according to lawyers.

One well-known author was jailed in December for 4 1/2 years for earning 1.8 million yuan ($250,000) by publishing “obscene works,” a court judgment posted online by her husband showed. The user did not respond to a request for comment.

But the latest group of detained authors made just a few thousand yuan from their work, said an activist familiar with several cases who declined to be identified for safety reasons.

In informal conversations, the defense lawyer said, Lanzhou court officials have called the stories “disgusting and perverted” for their depiction of LGBT relationships.

“These websites are extremely niche and can only be accessed by insiders, whereas vulgar online content involving gambling, porn, and minors is everywhere on short-video apps and social media,” one user wrote on the RedNote platform.

Its “Haitang” hashtag drew more than 205 million views and 1.8 million posts before it was censored in June.

“Men who write pornographic fiction enter the China Writers’ Association, whereas women who do the same go to jail,” runs a popular RedNote meme.

Many users said some perpetrators of rape, molestation, and domestic violence received lighter sentences than writers of erotica.

“An authoritarian government can only use a one-size-fits-all approach to arrest authors,” feminist activist Li Maizi said of the anti-pornography campaign.

“They should implement a rating system to protect these creators rather than simply erasing them.” — Reuters

Terminating workers with dignity and respect

We are carrying out a corporate-wide retrenchment program. Our human resource (HR) manager assigned all department heads to personally undertake the difficult task of informing the target workers we supervise. However, HR provided us with no clear guidelines on how to do it. Could you advise us on the best approach? — Rising Sun.

No manager looks forward to the day they have to let someone go, and even less so if it involves more than one person. Whether it’s due to downsizing, restructuring, performance-related issues or discipline-related matters, personally delivering a pink slip is one of the most emotionally taxing and high-stakes moments for management.

However, when handled with preparation, empathy, and professionalism, it’s possible to deliver the bad news in a way that protects both the organization’s integrity and the employee’s dignity. Give your HR department the benefit of the doubt. Unlike me, they know the context very well. Now, compare the following with what HR has given you:

One, be prepared. Do your homework. Terminating someone should be guided by legal and ethical parameters. Ensure you understand the situation fully. Have all the necessary documents ready, including the formal termination letter.

You should also have details on the release of terminal pay, pay for unused leave, severance, and the extent of benefits coverage, if any. Understand that a rushed, poorly documented dismissal can cost more than just the morale of other workers.

Two, set a time and place. Bad news needs a humane backdrop. Choose a private, quiet room where the employee can participate in the conversation without feeling humiliated. Never deliver a termination in an open office, hallway, or virtual chat window.

Schedule the meeting late, or two hours before closing time on a weekday. If the worker becomes emotional, you avoid having people hear the ruckus, even if it’s done behind closed doors.

Three, arrange to have a witness from HR. This protects you and the company, but it also ensures there’s another set of ears in case of miscommunication or emotional responses. In addition, you can invite another manager or a neutral third party to give legitimacy and objectivity to the process.

Record the conversation, but ask for the worker’s permission.

Four, go directly to the point. And do it with compassion. Be clear, brief, and kind. Avoid building up suspense or sugarcoating the message. Try something like this: “Thanks for meeting with us today. I have some difficult news. As of (date), your role is being eliminated due to (reason). This decision is final.”

Pause. Give them space to absorb the news. There’s no need to fill the silence. Avoid clichéd empathy like “I know how you feel” or “This hurts me more than it hurts you.” It may come across as insincere, no matter how well-intended.

Five, speak respectfully, but stand your ground. Even if the reason for retrenchment is poor performance, never turn the conversation into a personal critique session. It’s not the time to air management frustrations. Keep the tone professional, and avoid framing the termination as a failure of character.

You can say: “This decision was not made lightly.” But don’t say: “You should’ve seen this coming.” Or, “you’ll probably find something better anyway.”

Six, explain the next steps. Once the decision has been communicated, shift into clarity mode. The employee will likely be in shock, so walk through all logistics slowly and provide everything in writing.

If possible, be ready with the final paycheck details and accrued leave, any severance package or benefits that will extend beyond the termination date, outplacement support or employment references, retrieval of personal belongings, and return of company documents and equipment, and access to e-mail or files.

Seven, close the conversation professionally. Aim to end on a respectful note. Acknowledge the employee’s contributions, express appreciation where appropriate, and offer assistance for their transition — whether that’s a reference letter, job leads, or resume support.

Example: “We’re grateful for your contributions and want to make this transition as smooth as possible.” Be ready when some employees prefer to leave immediately; others may want to say goodbye. Respect their preference.

Eight, communicate internally with the survivors. Be transparent without oversharing. Protect the privacy of the departing employee, but reassure the team that the decision was handled responsibly. Say something like: “As some of you may know, (name) has left the company.

“We thank them for their contributions and wish them well. If you have any questions about how this affects your team, feel free to reach out.” This maintains morale without inviting gossip.

FINAL THOUGHTS
Letting someone go is never easy. And it shouldn’t be. But avoiding it or handling it poorly can be far more damaging. Termination conversations are leadership tests: a chance to show your values in action.

When you approach the process with preparation, compassion, and clarity, you not only protect your organization’s reputation, you uphold your credibility as a leader worth following.

 

Ask questions and receive Rey Elbo’s insights for free. E-mail elbonomics@gmail.com or DM him on Facebook, LinkedIn, X, or via https://reyelbo.com. Anonymity is guaranteed.

AirAsia Philippines studying PHL-India service

NEWSROOM.AIRASIA.COM

LOW-COST carrier AirAsia Philippines said it is studying the possibility of launching direct flights between the Philippines and India amid strong market demand.

“India is a great market… What AirAsia can do is we will market Philippine tourism to benefit the people of the Philippines and the economy,” AirAsia’s Deputy Group Chief Executive Officer for Airline Operations Chester Shee Soon Voo told reporters on Wednesday.

He noted that India’s large population is boosting global tourism, presenting growth opportunities for low-cost carriers like AirAsia.

The Philippines is also working to further expand its bilateral air service agreements with India, Japan, Thailand, and the United States, Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) Executive Director Carmelo L. Arcilla said, adding that it hopes to conclude these talks within the year.

The CAB previously said it aims to expand its air services agreement with India, as Air India is set to launch a Delhi-Manila service by October.

AirAsia is accelerating its fleet expansion through a planned purchase of 150 additional aircraft, with up to 20 expected to be delivered to AirAsia Philippines over the next five years.

Earlier, AirAsia Philippines said it was considering the launch of new hubs outside Manila, with Bohol, Clark, and Cebu identified as potential alternatives.

This year, AirAsia Philippines said it is confident it will surpass seven million passengers, after carrying over three million in the first half. — Ashley Erika O. Jose

How affordable are Metro Manila’s home prices compared with its peers in the region?

HOME OWNERSHIP in the Philippines remains out of reach for many households due to the wide gap between residential property prices and income, particularly in urban areas like Metro Manila and Davao, according to the Urban Land Institute (ULI). Read the full story.

How affordable are Metro Manila’s home prices compared with its peers in the region?

Peso up as markets weigh new tariff developments

BW FILE PHOTO

THE PESO climbed on Thursday after US President Donald J. Trump’s announcement of a 50% tariff on copper weighed on the greenback.

The local unit closed at P56.47 per dollar, rising by 10 centavos from its P56.57 finish on Wednesday, Bankers Association of the Philippines data showed.

The peso opened Thursday’s session stronger at P56.48 against the dollar. Its worst showing was at just P56.495, while its intraday best was at P56.375 versus the greenback.

Dollars traded inched up to $1.389 billion on Thursday from $1.387 billion on Wednesday.

“The dollar-peso closed lower as Trump’s announcement of tariffs on copper pressured the dollar,” a trader said in a phone interview.

Mr. Trump announced on Wednesday a new 50% tariff on copper to start on Aug. 1 in a bid to promote domestic development of an industry critical to defense, electronics and automobiles, Reuters reported.

The move marks the latest in a string of sectoral tariffs Mr. Trump has placed on industries such as steel and aluminum that economists warn will drive up costs for American consumers.

The White House ordered a Section 232 investigation into copper imports in February, using a law that gives the president authority to impose higher tariffs based on national security grounds.

Mr. Trump said on Wednesday that he received a “robust” national security assessment that concluded tariffs were necessary to protect US production of a commodity that is critical across an array of industries.

The US depends on imports for nearly half of its refined copper needs, and brought in 810,000 metric tons in 2024, according to the US Geological Survey. 

Countries set to be most affected by the tariff are Chile, Canada and Mexico, which were the top suppliers to the US of refined copper, copper alloys and copper products in 2024, according to US Census Bureau data.

The market also took in stride Mr. Trump’s announcement of a 20% tariff rate on the Philippines’ exports to the US as this was still relatively lower compared to those for other countries, Rizal Commercial Banking Corp. Chief Economist Michael L. Ricafort said in a Viber message.

Mr. Trump on Wednesday issued Aug. 1 tariff notices to several trading partners including the Philippines, which he slapped with a 20% duty, higher than the previously announced 17%, Reuters reported.

Still, this was lower than the levies for Japan, South Korea, and Malaysia (25%), China (30%), Indonesia (32%), Bangladesh (35%), Thailand and Cambodia (36% each), and Laos and Myanmar (40%).

For Friday, the trader expects the peso to move between P56.30 and P56.80 per dollar, while Mr. Ricafort said it could range from P56.35 to P56.60. — A.M.C. Sy with Reuters

Russia is paying schoolgirls to have babies. Why is pronatalism on the rise around the world?

STOCK PHOTO | Image by Ana Curcan from Unsplash

In some parts of Russia, schoolgirls who become pregnant are being paid more than 100,000 roubles (nearly £900) for giving birth and raising their babies.

This new measure, introduced in the past few months across 10 regions, is part of Russia’s new demographic strategy, widening the policy adopted in March 2025 which only applied to adult women. It is designed to address the dramatic decline in the country’s birthrate.

In 2023 the number of births in Russia per woman was 1.41 — substantially below 2.05, which is the level required to maintain a population at its current size.

Paying teenage girls to have babies while they are still in school is controversial in Russia. According to a recent survey by the Russian Public Opinion Research Center, 43% of Russians approve of the policy, while 40% are opposed to it. But it indicates the high priority that the state places on increasing the number of children being born.

Russia’s president, Vladimir Putin, regards a large population as one of the markers of a flourishing great power, along with control over a vast (and growing) territory and a powerful military. Paradoxically, though, his efforts to increase the physical size of Russia by attacking Ukraine and illegally annexing its territory have also been disastrous in terms of shrinking Russia’s population.

The number of Russian soldiers killed in the war has reached 250,000 by some estimates, while the war sparked an exodus of hundreds of thousands of some of the most highly educated Russians. Many of them are young men fleeing military service who could have been fathers to the next generation of Russian citizens.

But while Russia’s demographic situation is extreme, declining birth rates are now a global trend. It is estimated that by 2050 more than three quarters of the world’s countries will have such low fertility rates that they will not be able to sustain their populations.

IT’S NOT ONLY RUSSIA
Putin is not the only world leader to introduce policies designed to encourage women to have more babies. Viktor Orban’s government in Hungary is offering a range of incentives, such as generous tax breaks and subsidized mortgages, to those who have three or more children.

Poland makes a monthly payment of 500 złoty (£101) per child to families with two or more children. But there’s some evidence this has not prompted higher-income Polish women to have more children, as they might have to sacrifice higher earnings and career advancement to have another child.

In the United States, Donald Trump is proposing to pay women $5,000 (£3,682) to have a baby, tied to a wider MAGA movement push, supported by Elon Musk and others, to encourage women to have larger families.

Reversing demographic trends is complex, because the reasons that individuals and couples have for becoming parents are also complex. Personal preferences and aspirations, beliefs about their ability to provide for children, as well as societal norms and cultural and religious values all play a part in these decisions.

As a result, the impact of “pronatalist” policies has been mixed. No country has found an easy way to reverse declining birth rates.

One country seeking to address population decline with policies other than encouraging women to have more babies is Spain, which now allows an easier pathway to citizenship for migrants, including those who entered the country illegally. Madrid’s embrace of immigrants is being credited for its current economic boom.

LOOKING FOR PARTICULAR TYPES OF FAMILIES
But governments that adopt pronatalist policies tend to be concerned, not simply with increasing the total number of people living and working in their countries, but with encouraging certain kinds of people to reproduce. In other words, there is often an ideological dimension to these practices.

Incentives for pregnancy, childbirth, and large families are typically targeted at those whom the state regards as its most desirable citizens. These people may be desirable citizens due to their race, ethnicity, language, religion, sexual orientation, or some other identity or combination of identities.

For instance, the Spanish bid to increase the population by increasing immigration offers mostly Spanish speakers from Catholic countries in Latin America jobs while opportunities to remain in, or move to, the country does appear to be extended to migrants from Africa. Meanwhile, Hungary’s incentives to families are only available to heterosexual couples who earn high incomes.

The emphasis on increasing the proportion of the most desirable citizens is why the Trump administration sees no contradiction in calling for more babies to be born in the US, while ordering the arrest and deportation of hundreds of alleged illegal migrants, attempting to reverse the constitutional guarantee of US citizenship for anyone born in the country and even attempting to withdraw citizenship from some Americans.

WHICH MOTHERS DO THEY WANT?
The success or failure of governments and societies that promote pronatalism hinges on their ability to persuade people — and especially women — to embrace parenthood. Along with financial incentives and other tangible rewards for having babies, some states offer praise and recognition for the mothers of large families.

Putin’s reintroduction of the Stalin-era motherhood medal for women with 10 or more children is one example. Sometimes the recognition comes from society, such as the current American fascination with “trad wives” — women who become social media influencers by turning their backs on careers in favor of raising large numbers of children and living socially conservative lifestyles.

The mirror image of this celebration of motherhood is the implicit or explicit criticism of women who delay childbirth or reject it altogether. Russia’s parliament passed a law in 2024 to ban the promotion of childlessness, or “child-free propaganda.” This legislation joins other measures such as restrictions on abortions in private clinics, together with public condemnation of women who choose to study at university and pursue careers rather than prioritize marriage and child-rearing.

The world’s most prosperous states would be embracing immigration if pronatalist policies were driven solely by the need to ensure a sufficient workforce to support the economy and society. Instead, these attempts are often bound up with efforts to restrict or dictate the choices that citizens — and especially women — make about their personal lives, and to create a population dominated by the types of the people they favor.

THE CONVERSATION VIA REUTERS CONNECT

 

Jennifer Mathers is a senior lecturer in International Politics at Aberystwyth University, Wales, United Kingdom.

How PSEi member stocks performed — July 10, 2025

Here’s a quick glance at how PSEi stocks fared on Thursday, July 10, 2025.


PHL stocks end lower on tariff news, profit taking

BW FILE PHOTO

PHILIPPINE SHARES snapped their three-day climb on Thursday as the main index fell to the 6,400 level anew after the United States announced that it plans to impose a 20% “reciprocal” tariff on imports of Philippine goods starting Aug. 1.

The Philippine Stock Exchange index (PSEi) dropped by 0.63% or 41.14 points to close at 6,463.20, while the broader all shares index went down by 0.13% or 5.16 points to 3,812.46.

“The market is toppish because it’s above the 6,500 level and so profit taking is understandable, using as an excuse to sell the news on higher 20% tariff rate slapped on the Philippines by the US,” First Metro Investment Corp. Head of Research Cristina S. Ulang said in a Viber message. The PSEi closed at the 6,500 level for the first time in nearly two months on Wednesday.

“The local market’s sideways movement ended in the negative territory, reflecting investors’ reaction towards the US’ upward revision of its tariffs on Philippine exports from 17% to 20% effective on Aug. 1,” Philstocks Financial Inc. Research Manager Japhet Louis O. Tantiangco said in a Viber message.

The Philippines is concerned about the United States’ decision to impose 20% tariffs on Philippine exports but will continue to negotiate, its economic affairs minister said on Thursday, Reuters reported.

Secretary Frederick D. Go, the special assistant to the President for investment and economic affairs, told reporters that the Philippines remains committed to talking with the United States in pursuit of a bilateral deal, such as a free trade agreement (FTA).

“We remain committed to continuing negotiations with the US in good faith to pursue a bilateral, comprehensive, economic agreement, or if possible an FTA,” Mr. Go told a media briefing.

Philippine officials are scheduled to travel next week for talks with their US counterparts before the tariff rate takes effect on Aug. 1.

Majority of sectoral indices closed lower on Thursday. Financials went down by 1.1% or 24.83 points to 2,223.71; industrials dropped by 0.79% or 73.45 points to 9,142.09; holding firms sank by 0.75% or 42.84 points to 5,648.7; and property retreated by 0.3% or 7.60 points to 2,472.65.

Meanwhile, mining and oil increased by 2.42% or 222.92 points to 9,417.70 and services rose by 1.17% or 25.68 points to 2,209.57.

“Monde Nissin Corp. was the top index gainer for the day, climbing 3.89% to P7.75. Ayala Land, Inc. was the worst index performer, dropping 3.36% to P27.35,” Mr. Tantiangco said.

Value turnover climbed to P9.45 billion on Thursday with 1.40 billion shares traded from the P7.79 billion with 1.41 billion issues exchanged on Wednesday.

Advancers bested decliners, 107 versus 85, while 55 names were unchanged.

Net foreign selling climbed to P580.67 million on Thursday from P220.66 million on Wednesday. — Revin Mikhael D. Ochave with Reuters