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Alleged firm behind poll interference could face treason charges

FRANCISTOLENTINO.PH

A PHILIPPINE SENATOR on Wednesday said the Makati-based marketing firm allegedly involved in spreading pro-Beijing narratives and interference in the upcoming election could be charged with treason and cybercrime laws.

In a livestreamed forum on Wednesday, Senate Majority Leader Francis N. Tolentino said that the company could potentially be charged with “treason.”

“There are some cybercrime laws that could also be invoked. Before cases are filed, let’s wait for them to explain their side first, that’s due process,” Mr. Tolentino added.

Last week, the senator presented evidence during a senate committee hearing that Beijing had contracted a local marketing firm to provide “keyboard warriors” in influencing public opinion.

This came after the National Security Council said that there were “indications” of a Chinese disinformation campaign in the Philippines to disrupt the elections.

The Chinese Embassy in Manila has since denied these claims.

Separately, Mr. Tolentino filed Senate Resolution no. 1347, urging the Senate to “strongly” condemn China’s “provocative and illegal actions” over Sandy Cay and other maritime features in the South China Sea.

Chinese state media last week reported that the Chinese Coast Guard had asserted sovereignty over the Sandy Cay — a small coral reef west of Thitu Island (Pag-asa Island). — Adrian H. Halili

PAGCOR net income up 23% in Q1

PAGCOR

THE Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corp.’s (PAGCOR) net income rose by 23% year on year in the first quarter on the back of higher revenues from gaming operations.

“This solid performance reflects PAGCOR’s commitment to responsible governance and fiscal discipline. The gains we have made in the first quarter will allow us to contribute even more to nation-building for the rest of the year,” PAGCOR Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Alejandro H. Tengco said in a statement on Wednesday.

PAGCOR’s net income stood at P4.22 billion in the first three months of the year, up from P3.43 billion a year ago.

PAGCOR’s financial statement was unavailable as of press time.

Revenues grew by 11.2% to P28.07 billion from P25.24 billion. Of this, P25.52 billion came from gaming operations.

“More than half of gaming the revenues came from the Electronic Games and E-Bingo segment which generated P14.32 billion or 56% of the total, followed by licensed casinos at P8.32 billion or 32.6%, while PAGCOR-operated casinos chipped in P2.88 billion or 11.31% of the pie,” PAGCOR said.

Meanwhile, operating expenses fell by 15.54% year on year to P6.21 billion from P7.36 billion.

“PAGCOR’s total contributions to nation-building (CNB) during the period in review reached P18.9 billion, up 21.5% from the 2024 first quarter CNB of P15.56 billion,” it said. — Aaron Michael C. Sy

NGA 911 Philippines eyes expansion to 12 more LGUs

PILIPPINE STAR/MIGUEL DE GUZMAN

NEXT Generation Advanced 911 (NGA 911) Philippines, which provides cloud-based emergency response technology, said it is looking to expand to 12 local government units (LGUs) amid the country’s increasing vulnerability to disasters.

“It goes without saying that our dream is to make the service available for all of the local government units. We need the help not only of the National Government but also, that the local chief executives to prioritize this,” Robert Llaguno, country manager at NGA 911 Philippines, told BusinessWorld in an interview.

“It is still a struggle to educate them on what our technology can bring. Not everybody is within the same tech age, and priorities are different.”

About two to three LGUs or municipalities in Luzon have shown interest in adopting NGA 911’s upgraded emergency response system, Mr. Llaguno said, while three to four are in the Bicol region and Visayas, while the rest are in Mindanao.

The next-generation 911 emergency response system is a fully digital and IP (internet protocol) address-based response system provided by NGA 911 Philippines, a subsidiary of American cloud-based emergency telecommunications solutions provider NGA 911 LLC.

It replaces traditional 911 infrastructure and expands communication options beyond voice calls to speed up local authorities’ emergency response.

The cloud-based technology features advanced data dashboards, and an automated incident ticketing system designed to streamline workflows and reduce errors.

According to Mr. Llaguno, the demand for an advanced emergency response system has increased due to the effects of super typhoon Odette in 2021 and severe tropical storm Kristine in 2024.

The Philippines has maintained its top spot in the 2024 World Risk Index since 2009 as it continues to face severe natural calamities. This has called on the need to adopt more stringent disaster response systems.

However, Mr. Llaguno noted that a key challenge in the widespread adoption of an upgraded emergency response system would be the change in governments, especially after the midterm polls coming up.

LGUs that have upgraded to NGA 911 Philippines’ solutions include Morong, Rizal; Alaminos City, Pangasinan; Cebu City, Cagayan De Oro City, and Mambajao, Camiguin, and Tagbilaran, Bohol.

The Philippine National Police has also adopted the NGA 911 emergency response system, which has allowed them to respond to emergency calls within three to five minutes.

“There are more enhancements to look forward to in the coming months,” Mr. Llaguno said. “Caller location tracking, the ability to send photos and videos through the system, integration with CCTV networks, and auto transcription that converts live or recorded audio into text are improvements that will provide useful data to boost public safety.” — Beatriz Marie D. Cruz

Philippines reviews defense deals, may include those with China

PHILIPPINE STAR/WALTER BOLLOZOS

The Philippines’ Department of National Defense is reviewing at least 50 security agreements, possibly including those with China, to weed out those that don’t align with national interest.

“If a country theoretically is really misaligned with us, then it’s useless having a defense agreement,” Defense Secretary Gilberto Teodoro told reporters Wednesday, adding that the review will cover deals on military exchanges, logistics, infrastructure and education.

Mr. Teodoro said agreements with China “could be” included in the review. “Right now, with China, definitely, we can’t engage them in a defense-to-defense manner when our interests clearly are in conflict,” he said.

The Southeast Asian nation is scrutinizing defense deals amid lingering tensions with Beijing in the South China Sea. The two nations locked horns again this week, both asserting sovereignty over Sandy Cay near a Philippine military outpost in disputed waters.

In 2023, Philippine military chief Romeo Brawner said a military training exchange program under a 2004 defense agreement between Manila and Beijing was put on hold following a clash between ships of the two nations in the South China Sea.

Asked if scrapping deals is an option after the review, the defense chief said he will consult other agencies for appropriate actions. Dormant agreements will also be examined, he added.

While the Philippines is examining existing military deals, it’s also forging new agreements with aligned countries. It signed a visiting forces pact with New Zealand on Wednesday, and will likely ink a similar deal with Canada very soon, according to Mr. Teodoro. — Bloomberg

Trump predicts China would ‘eat’ tariffs, lessening US impact

US PRESIDENT Donald J. Trump speaks at an event in Kenosha, Wisconsin, US, April 18, 2017. — REUTERS

PRESIDENT Donald J. Trump said China deserved the steep tariffs he imposed on their exports and predicted Beijing could find a way to reduce their impact on American consumers.

“You don’t know whether or not China’s going to eat it. China probably will eat those tariffs,” Mr. Trump said Tuesday in an interview with ABC News. “China was making $1 trillion dollars a year. They were ripping us off like nobody has ever ripped us off. Almost every country in the world was ripping us off. They’re not doing that anymore.”

Mr. Trump said he did not believe hard times were ahead for US consumers, while acknowledging that his 145% tariffs on many Chinese goods amounted to a near-embargo.

“That’s good,” Mr. Trump said. “They deserve it.”

The defiant remarks from Mr. Trump come just days after the Trump administration signaled it was looking to repair damaged trade relations with Beijing and convince Chinese officials to enter trade negotiations.

They also come as the tariffs’ early impacts on US consumers begin to emerge. Chinese retail app Temu, popular for its bottom-barrel prices, already appears to be passing down most of Mr. Trump’s new import taxes to American shoppers.

And rival fast-fashion giant Shein Group Ltd. has raised the US prices of some products ahead of imminent levies on small parcels, including an average rise of 51% for the top 100 products in its beauty and health category from last week, with several items more than doubling in price.

Last week, the Wall Street Journal reported that the US would be willing to phase in lighter China tariffs over five years, with White House officials saying that relief was on the table. Mr. Trump told reporters then that China was “going to do fine” once talks settled and that he’d be willing to “substantially” pare back his levies.

Despite senior administration officials repeatedly predicting China would be forced to the negotiating table, talks have not commenced. Earlier Tuesday, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said China could lose 10 million jobs because of the tariffs — but declined to detail any specific negotiations underway between the two nations.

“I’m not going to get into the nitty-gritty again of who’s talking to whom, but as I said, I believe for the Chinese, these tariffs are unsustainable,” Bessent said.

Mr. Trump told ABC News Americans should not be surprised by his tariff regime, saying the levies were necessary to address trade deficits and revive domestic manufacturing.

“I said all of these things during my campaign,” Mr. Trump said. “I said, ‘You’re gonna have a transition period.’ We’ve been ripped off by every country all over the world.” — Bloomberg

Will Catholic cardinals pick another outsider like Francis to be pope?

CARDINAL Konrad Krajewski and Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle leave along with other Cardinals after attending Vespers prayers at the Basilica of Saint Mary Major (Santa Maria Maggiore), in Rome, Italy, April 27, 2025. — REUTERS

VATICAN CITY — When Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio was elected in 2013 as Pope Francis, he was a near total Vatican outsider. He had never been a Vatican official, instead spending decades in local ministry. And he came from Argentina, the first pope from the Americas.

As the world’s Catholic cardinals meet this week to discuss who should succeed Francis, the deliberations may boil down to a simple choice:

Do they want another outsider? Or is it time now for an insider, someone more familiar with the Vatican’s arcane ways of operating?

“Pope Francis… shifted the Church’s attention to the outside world,” said John Thavis, former Rome bureau chief for the Catholic News Service, who covered three papacies.

“Some cardinals will now be tempted to pick an insider, someone with the skills to manage church affairs more carefully and quietly than Francis did.”

Francis, who died on April 21 aged 88, focused much of his papacy on outreach to places where the Church was not traditionally strong.

Many of his 47 foreign trips were to countries with small Catholic populations, such as South Sudan, Iraq and the United Arab Emirates, and he was especially committed to Catholic-Muslim dialogue.

He was also known for giving freewheeling press conferences, where no topics were off the table and the pope might respond to a query with an unexpected quip.

Asked about the Catholic ban on birth control in 2015, Francis reaffirmed the ban but added that Catholics don’t have to have children “like rabbits.”

The late pope’s unusually open style attracted criticism from some Catholics, but also global interest. His funeral on Saturday and a procession through Rome to his burial place at the Basilica of St. Mary Major attracted crowds estimated at more than 400,000.

German Cardinal Reinhard Marx, one of the leading Catholic prelates in Europe and once a senior adviser to Francis, said the cardinals who will meet in a secret conclave to elect his successor would not be looking for a “functionary.”

“We do not need a manager,” Marx told reporters. “What’s essential is that it be a courageous person… People around the world need to be comforted, lifted up.”

Other cardinals are expressing sharp disagreement.

“We need to give the Church back to the Catholics,” Italian Cardinal Camillo Ruini told the Corriere della Sera newspaper.

Ruini, who is 94 and too old to enter the conclave, said Francis sometimes appeared to favour those who were distant from the Church, “at the expense” of devout faithful.

Others argue that it is precisely a more managerial pope that is needed at this time to tackle the Church’s financial woes, which include a widening budget shortfall and growing liabilities for its pension fund.

CARDINALS’ SPEECHES
The cardinals are meeting daily this week to discuss general issues facing the 1.4-billion-member Church before those under the age of 80 enter the conclave on May 7.

As they meet in what are called “general congregations,” individual prelates can offer speeches to give their vision for the future of the global faith.

In 2013, Bergoglio, then archbishop of Buenos Aires, offered a short reflection at one such meeting, saying the Church needed to do a better job of opening itself up to the modern world. This, by many accounts, proved decisive for his election.

“Bergoglio gave the speech which led the cardinals to believe that the Holy Spirit had made its choice,” said Austen Ivereigh, a biographer of Francis who also wrote a book with the pope in 2020.

“The choice that (Bergoglio) gave them, and the proposal for what the next pope should do, just struck them very, very forcefully,” said Ivereigh.

It remains to be seen whether any cardinal can give such a compelling speech this week.

Francis made a priority of appointing cardinals from countries that had never had them, such as Myanmar, Haiti and Rwanda, and many of the roughly 135 cardinals expected to enter the conclave do not know each other well.

They may be looking at Francis as a model and choose another outsider. Or they may look at Francis’ own predecessor, Pope Benedict XVI — a consummate insider who worked as a senior Vatican official for nearly two decades before becoming pontiff.

Mr. Thavis said he thought the large crowds who came to mourn Francis might affect the cardinals’ decision.

“The cardinals witnessed an outpouring of love and respect for Francis,” he said. “It’s one more reason why the ability to connect with people will weigh more than managerial skills as they make their choice.” — Reuters

EU’s von der Leyen invites scientists, researchers to make Europe their home

A EUROPEAN UNION’S flag flutters outside the European Commission headquarters in Brussels, Belgium, Oct. 15, 2020. — REUTERS

BRUSSELS — European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen on Tuesday invited scientists and researchers from the world over to make Europe their home when the Trump administration is threatening to cut federal funding for Harvard and other US universities.

They have been in the administration’s crosshairs, mainly over how they handled pro-Palestinian rallies against Israel’s war in Gaza that roiled campuses last year, but also over issues like diversity, equity, inclusion (DEI) programs, climate initiatives and transgender policies.

“Controversial debates at (European) universities are welcome. We consider freedom of science and research as fundamental,” Ms. Von der Leyen said in Valencia at the 2025 Congress of the conservative European People’s Party, the largest of the European Parliament.

“Not only because it is a core value for us but also because this is how excellence and innovation thrive,” she said.

“This is why Europe is open to the best and brightest. This is why we will make proposals to help them ‘Choose Europe’. Because we want scientists and researchers from all over the world to make Europe their home — and to make Europe the home of innovation again.”

Harvard scientist Donald Ingber said earlier this month he knew of post-doctoral applicants who are now turning down research positions in the US that they had accepted because they are afraid to live in America as foreigners. They are turning to China or Europe to carry out their work.

During her speech, Ms. Von der Leyen sought to contrast the 27-nation European Union with the US by touting it as a role model for fair and rules-based international trade.

After weeks of threats, President Donald J. Trump announced on April 2 a series of broad “reciprocal tariffs” on goods imported to the United States from most other countries. They included a 20% tax on European Union (EU) imports that was later lowered to 10% under what he called a 90-day pause following a rout in US stock markets.

The Trump administration’s tariff policy — which it says aims to tackle unfair trade practices and re-shore manufacturing — has exacted a major toll on companies, forcing many to cut spending, upending supply chains and making it hard to plan beyond the immediate term.

“Global markets are shaken by the unpredictable tariff policy of the US administration. US tariffs on the rest of the world are at their highest in a century,” Ms. Von der Leyen said.

“But in every crisis there is also an opportunity (…) Now the world of trade is turning towards us (…) They all want to deal with us. Because we are fair, reliable and we play by the rules. So let us stay the course, cool-headed and united. Because that is who we are. That is the European way of trade.” — Reuters

As Singapore heads into election, politicians showcase musical chops

REUTERS

SINGAPORE — A curious election campaign trend has emerged in Singapore as the country gears up for its May 3 poll: candidates showcasing their musical chops, or lack of talent, on social media clips.

The displays of musical talent range from clips of opposition star candidate Harpreet Singh playing the saxophone for local broadsheet The Straits Times, to others beatboxing and belting out songs in dialect or giving an awkward rendition of the earworm APT Korean song.

One candidate, Samuel Lee of the small People’s Power Party, has become a meme thanks to his self-written tune, badly sung, about looking left and right to find a career path.

Some clips are freshly shot this election season as candidates are introduced to media or speak at rallies, others are older clips resurfacing of Singapore’s guitar-playing Prime Minister Lawrence Wong on stage with a local band, or the leader of the opposition Pritam Singh singing at his party’s Lunar New Year celebration.

“They want to be relatable, but it won’t work,” said political scientist Walid Jumblatt Abdullah from Nanyang Technological University.

“These silly Tiktok videos, these music videos, aren’t exactly the best way to appear relatable,” said Mr. Walid. “Just speaking like a normal human being, that would make them appear for more relatable.”

Voters, he said, are more discerning and would pay more attention to parties’ and candidates’ credibility and what they say about causes that matter to voters.

The election comes amid a deteriorating economic outlook, due to US tariffs, with the government warning of a possible recession. Bread and butter issues still matter most to the 2.76 million voters.

It is the first electoral test for Mr. Wong, who took over from long-time premier Lee Hsien Loong last year as leader of the People’s Action Party (PAP), which has ruled the city-state of 6 million people since independence in 1965.

According to an April poll by Blackbox Research of 1,506 people, Singaporeans gave the government the lowest scorecard ratings for its handling of the cost of living (52%), sales tax (55%), inequality (57%), car prices (58%) and housing affordability (59%).

However, the PAP is almost certain to win most seats in the election, with candidates fielded in all 33 constituencies for 97 seats in parliament.

Crucially, the PAP will be looking at its popular vote. The PAP’s share of the popular vote fell to 61% in 2020 from 70% in 2015. If it sees another decline and its main opposition the Workers’ Party build on its record 10 seats in 2020, it could be interpreted as a sign the PAP’s grip on power is weakening. — Reuters

Harvard antisemitism and Islamophobia task forces find widespread fear, bigotry

JEWISH AND MUSLIM students at Harvard University faced bigotry and abuse as the Massachusetts campus was roiled by protests last year, according to two reports released on Tuesday that found many felt shunned by peers and professors for expressing political beliefs.

Harvard and other universities face extraordinary pressure from US President Donald J. Trump’s administration over allegations of antisemitism and leftist bias. The reports, jointly amounting to more than 500 pages, were the result of two task forces Harvard set up a year before Mr. Trump took office, one on combating antisemitism and anti-Israel bias, the other on combating anti-Muslim, anti-Arab, and anti-Palestinian bias.

Harvard President Alan Garber wrote in a letter accompanying the reports that they included “searing personal accounts” drawn from about 50 listening sessions with about 500 students and employees.

He wrote that Harvard would do more to teach its students how to have “productive and civil dialogue” with people from different backgrounds and would promote “viewpoint diversity.”

The task forces recommended that Harvard review its admissions, appointments, curriculum, and orientation and training programs, as well as change its disciplinary processes. They also encouraged more classroom teaching about “Israel/Palestine and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.”

Mr. Garber wrote that Harvard will begin a research project on antisemitism and support “a comprehensive historical analysis” of Muslims, Arabs, and Palestinians at the university. He said the school would also make its disciplinary processes more effective and efficient.

The Trump administration has demanded that Harvard work to reduce the influence of faculty, staff and students deemed activists, as part of a crackdown on what it says is antisemitism that erupted on college campuses in 2023 after the Palestinian militant group Hamas’ attack on Israel and subsequent war in Hamas-controlled Gaza. It also urged Harvard to audit departments to ensure “viewpoint diversity” and take other steps.

The administration froze $2.2 billion in grants, most of it for medical and scientific research, following Harvard’s denunciation of its demands as an unconstitutional attempt to control the school, and Harvard sued.

BULLYING, REPERCUSSIONS
Both Harvard task forces conducted an online joint survey last year, gathering 2,295 responses from students, faculty and staff.

The survey found 47% of Muslim respondents and 15% of Jewish respondents did not feel physically safe on campus compared to 6% for Christians and non-believers, while 92% of Muslims and 61% of Jews felt there were academic or professional repercussions for expressing their political beliefs.

According to the task force on antisemitism, in late 2023 the campus became to many “what appeared to be a space for the unfettered expression of pro-Palestinian solidarity and rage at Israel – a rage that many Jewish and especially Israeli students felt was directed against them as well.”

Many Jewish or Israeli students reported being bullied or ostracized for their actual or assumed support for Israel or Zionism, or found themselves accused of supporting genocide. 

A smaller group of anti-Zionist Jewish students who joined some of the pro-Palestinian and anti-Israel protests said they felt shunned by Jewish campus groups.

The task force on anti-Muslim bias said Arab-American students reported being called “terrorist, baby-killer, towelhead and antisemite” after they wore a keffiyeh to show solidarity with Palestinians.

Asked about the two reports, Harrison Fields, a Trump spokesman, said: “Universities’ violation of federal law, due to their blatant reluctance to protect Jewish students and defend civil rights, is unbecoming of institutions seeking billions in taxpayer funds.”

Mr. Fields did not comment on the findings by Harvard’s anti-Muslim bias task force.

In a statement, the Council on American Islamic Relations’ research and advocacy director Corey Saylor said his Muslim advocacy group stood by its designation of Harvard as hostile to Muslims, Arabs and Palestinians.

“If the university actually acts on its task force’s report to improve academic freedom, free expression, and address the rampant anti-Palestinian racism and Islamophobia that have been downplayed or outright ignored in public discourse, this may indicate that it is time to change that designation,” Mr. Saylor said.

Vlad Khaykin, an executive vice president with the Simon Wiesenthal Center, a Jewish human rights organization, sharply criticized how long it took Harvard “to even begin an honest reckoning” of antisemitism on campus, adding it “is not merely negligent — it is a disgrace of historic proportions.”

“Sadly, this is symptomatic of a broader trend we are seeing across academia,” Khaykin said. “Harvard is both a symptom and a progenitor of the problem, providing the imprimatur of academic legitimacy to naked antisemitism.” — Reuters

A water park’s peak season

Family outings and corporate team-building activities are the turf of water parks, especially during the summer months.

Interview by Patricia Mirasol
Video editing by Arjale Queral

US states sue to block Trump from dismantling AmeriCorps

Former U.S. President Donald Trump — REUTERS/LEAH MILLIS/FILE PHOTO

Democratic-led states filed a lawsuit on Tuesday alleging the Trump administration had effectively dismantled AmeriCorps by abruptly canceling grants and cutting 85% of the workforce of the federal agency for national service and volunteering.

In a lawsuit filed in federal court in Baltimore, 24 Democratic-led states and the District of Columbia argue that Republican President Donald Trump does not have the authority under the U.S. Constitution to gut AmeriCorps, which was created by Congress.

The move to eliminate the agency’s grants and cut its workforce is part of an unprecedented push by Mr. Trump and the Department of Government Efficiency championed by his billionaire adviser Elon Musk to shrink the federal government’s spending and workforce.

AmeriCorps has a roughly $1 billion budget and had more than 500 employees when Trump took office.

Its grants fund local and national organizations that offer community services related to education, disaster preparedness, conservation and more.

Its programs place more than 200,000 volunteers nationally to help provide services ranging from assisting with after-school programs to delivering meals to seniors to responding to local disasters.

When wildfires struck the Los Angeles area earlier this year, AmeriCorps members helped distribute supplies and support families.

California Attorney General Rob Bonta, who is co-leading the lawsuit, in a statement accused DOGE of “dismantling AmeriCorps without any concern for the thousands of people who are ready and eager to serve their country — or for those whose communities are stronger because of this public service.”

White House spokesperson Anna Kelly said in a statement that AmeriCorps had failed eight consecutive audits and identified over $45 million in improper payments in 2024 alone.

“President Trump has the legal right to restore accountability to the entire executive branch,” Kelly said.

In February, Mr. Trump signed an executive order directing federal agencies to plan to reduce the size of their workforces and prepare to initiate mass layoffs.

Since then, AmeriCorps has placed at least 85% of its employees on administrative leave and notified them they would be terminated effective June 24.

Last week, the agency began issuing notices that it was terminating nearly $400 million worth of AmeriCorps grant programs, which support volunteer and service efforts. Grant cancellations and program termination notices were sent to 1,031 programs, the lawsuit said.

The lawsuit, which is co-led by the attorneys general of California, Delaware and Maryland, alleges the administration had violated the separation of powers under the U.S. Constitution by frustrating its ability to administer grants appropriated by Congress or carry out statutory duties. — Reuters

‘Victory of justice over tyranny’, Vietnamese celebrate 50 years since end of Vietnam War

A VIETNAMESE naval soldier stands guard at Thuyen Chai island in the Spratly archipelago, Jan. 17, 2013. — REUTERS

HO CHI MINH CITY – Thousands of Vietnamese celebrated the 50th anniversary of the end of the Vietnam War on Wednesday, in what the country’s communist leader said was a “victory of justice over tyranny”.

Celebrations culminated in a grand parade in Ho Chi Minh City with thousands of marching troops and an air show featuring Russian-made fighter jets and helicopters, as Vietnamese waved red flags and sang patriotic songs.

The historic anniversary commemorates the first act of the country’s reunification on April 30, 1975 when Communist-run North Vietnam seized Saigon, the capital of the U.S.-backed South, renamed Ho Chi Minh City shortly after the war in honor of the North’s founding leader.

“It was a victory of justice over tyranny,” To Lam, Vietnam’s Communist party chief and the country’s top leader, said on Wednesday, citing one of Ho Chi Minh’s mottos: “Vietnam is one, the Vietnamese people are one. Rivers may dry up, mountains may erode, but that truth will never change.”

The fall of Saigon, about two years after Washington withdrew its last combat troops from the country, marked the end of a 20-year conflict that killed some 3 million Vietnamese and nearly 60,000 Americans, many of them young soldiers conscripted into the military.

“Communist troops rolled into the South Vietnamese capital virtually unopposed, to the great relief of the population which had feared a bloody last-minute battle,” said a cable from one of the Reuters reporters in the city on the day it fell.

The cable described the victorious army as made up of “formidably armed” troops in jungle green fatigues but also of barefoot teenagers.

Those events were seared into many memories by the images of U.S. helicopters evacuating some 7,000 people, many of them Vietnamese, as North Vietnamese tanks closed in. The final flight took off from the roof of the U.S. embassy at 7:53 a.m. on April 30, carrying the last U.S. Marines out of Saigon.

The formal reunification of Vietnam was completed a year later, 22 years after the country had been split in two following the end of French colonial rule.

VIETNAM-US TIES
Vietnam and the United States normalized diplomatic relations in 1995 and deepened ties in 2023 during a visit to Hanoi by former U.S. President Joe Biden.

“The United States and Vietnam have a robust bilateral relationship that we are committed to deepening and broadening,” a spokesperson for the U.S. Mission in Vietnam said on Wednesday.

That bond is however now being tested by the threat of crippling 46% tariffs on Vietnamese goods that Biden’s successor, Donald Trump, announced in April.

The tariffs have been largely paused until July and talks are underway. But if confirmed, they could undermine Vietnam’s export-led growth that has attracted large foreign investments.

Washington sent Susan Burns, its consul general in Ho Chi Minh City, to represent the country at the parade.

At the celebrations for the 40th anniversary no U.S. official was present.

France, which also lost a war in Vietnam, sent a minister to last year’s celebrations of the 70th anniversary of the end of the battle of Dien Bien Phu, when French colonial rule collapsed.

While Hanoi has re-established relations with the United States, it has maintained close ties with Russia, which is its top supplier of weapons.

Vietnam has also nurtured closer relations with northern neighbor China despite a complex history involving several conflicts and a rivalry in the disputed South China Sea.

China is now a major investor in its economy and the source of many of the components that are used in products that are then exported to the U.S.

Underlining the warming ties, a contingent of 118 Chinese troops was expected to march alongside Vietnamese soldiers and policemen “to honor the international support Vietnam received during its struggle for independence,” according to state media. — Reuters