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Safer for Marcos to keep mouth shut — analysts

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By Kyle Aristophere T. Atienza, Reporter

PHILIPPINE presidential candidate Ferdinand “Bongbong” R. Marcos, Jr. would probably avoid making a stand on key election issues given his dominance in presidential opinion polls, according to political analysts.

The late dictator’s son, who had not joined major presidential debates, would continue doing so to also avoid a public backlash, they said.

“The lack of clear programs and efforts to elevate the campaign to engage with voters on relevant issues show too much confidence and arrogance in their capacity to win,” said Maria Ela L. Atienza, a political science professor at the University of the Philippines (UP).

She also cited social media efforts by his supporters to revise history about his father’s martial rule.

His lawyer Victor D. Rodriguez did not immediately reply to a Viber message seeking comment.

Mr. Marcos and his running mate Sara Duterte-Caprio on Monday night held a campaign rally in the vote-rich central Philippine province of Cebu, whose governor Gwendolyn F. Garcia vowed a landslide victory for the tandem.

At the rally, Mr. Marcos reiterated his message of unity, which has been criticized for lack of substance. “We are not adversaries here. We love each other as Filipinos,” he said in Filipino, as he promised jobs and food on the table of every Filipino family.

“We have here two children of supposed strongmen capitalizing on their family names, local traditional allies and vast resources,” Ms. Atienza said.

She added that the lack of effort on his part to engage voters on key issues “underestimates Filipinos’ capacity to discern motives of candidates and make informed decisions.”

Their refusal to participate in debates organized by the Commission on Elections and answer questions from journalists “shows a low regard for institutions and democratic processes.”

Ms. Atienza said it might be difficult for the Marcos camp to change their tactics. “They can be expected to resort to traditional means of patronage by attacking the opposition instead of clarifying their programs and engaging with voters.”

The Marcos camp has deliberately kept their narrative “vague yet simple enough to resonate with voters,” said Julio C. Teehankee, a political science professor at De La Salle University.

“They have demonstrated a strong discipline in messaging and maintained the supposed “positivity” of their candidate, while allowing their online army to attack and defend,” he said in a Facebook Messenger chat.

“Time is on BBM’s side,” he said, referring to Bongbong Marcos’s initials. “The challenge for him is to maintain his numbers or shed just enough until he reaches the finish line.”

But voters might still notice that the “positivity” in his campaign is not genuine because his camp has repeatedly attacked opposition candidates, Mr. Teehankee said.

“If you already have the votes without any clear agenda or simply giving vague promises, why bother?” said Jan Robert R. Go, an assistant political science professor at UP.

“As much as we want the elections to be issue-based and centered on programs, the discourse has been focused on personalities,” he said in Messenger chat. “If they are already satisfied with ‘unity’ there is no incentive to add more.”

Rivals Vice President Maria “Leni” G. Robredo and Senator Panfilo “Ping” M. Lacson have been holding townhall fora to discuss their platforms. Manila City Mayor Francisco “Isko” M. Domagoso has also been meeting with various sectors nationwide.

Mr. Marcos and his running mate, who have appeared in vlogs of social media personalities, have refused to participate in debates organized by the Commission on Elections. Both of them are leading in opinion polls.

Victims of his father’s martial rule are seeking to get him disqualified from the presidential race after he was convicted by a court in the 1990s for tax evasion. The lawsuit is pending at the Commission on Elections.

Critics have also pressed the government to collect unpaid taxes worth more than P200 billion from the estate of the late dictator.

“They were initially confident of their lead and they did not want to risk exposing BBM and Duterte-Carpio to too much public scrutiny because the candidates may commit very public mistakes that may be costly to his campaign,” Ms. Atienza said.

Meanwhile, former officials and members of Mr. Domagoso’s presidential campaign were disappointed in his remarks against Ms. Robredo.

In a statement, the officials said his call for Ms. Robredo to quit the race was uncalled for. The mayor’s actions have reinforced their view that Ms. Robredo is the “only candidate with high integrity, composure, and expertise.”

“We initially believed it was Isko Moreno who could deliver effective and decisive action and bring about a new kind of politics in our country,” they said. “That vision of ours for the country has never changed. Mayor Isko Moreno, however, has already fallen far from what he thought he was.”

Mr. Domagoso has called the public flak he got “social injustice.”

Comelec withholds P90-M payment to election contractor

PHILIPPINE STAR/EDD GUMBAN

THE COMMISSION on Elections (Comelec) has withheld P90 million in payment from Smartmatic SGO Group for potential negligence after a data breach involving the software contractor for this year’s elections.

The election body would wait for the results of a government investigation before taking action, Comelec Chairman Saidamen B. Pangarungan told a Senate hearing on Tuesday.

The P90-million payment became due last March, but it would be released only after they are convinced that Smartmatic is innocent in the data leakage, he added.

The contractor has said the security breach had not compromised ballots and SD cards, adding it was limited to information on the company’s internal organization.

Senator Imelda “Imee” R. Marcos suggested changes to the Automated Election Law to require the advanced encryption standard (AES) provider to report to Comelec and the joint congressional oversight committee when an incident, breach or system interference occurs.

“The provider should show that its systems, its protocols are safe and secure over the long period of the election and the campaigns,” she said. “If it cannot secure its own system, how can we be confident that the system it provides Comelec is safe and secure?”

Mr. Pangarungan said they would study her suggestion. “It is not wise to take any drastic actions against Smartmatic that might prejudice the conduct of the elections on May 9.”

During the hearing, National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) Cyber-crime Division chief Victor V. Lorenzo said the primary suspect in the cyber-security breach, a former Smartmatic employee, might have worked with other people.

Smartmatic earlier said the former worker had downloaded nonsensitive, day-to-day operational materials from a repository readily available to all Smartmatic staff. He then shared it with people outside the company who have attempted to blackmail Smartmatic for money.

Ms. Marcos asked if there was a way of knowing if other Smartmatic employees at its Santa Rosa, Laguna warehouse were in cahoots with the suspect.

Smartmatic lawyer Christian Robert S. Lim, a former election commissioner, said there was no way, adding that they were monitoring their workers’ actions.

He added that they were evaluating their security systems. Smartmatic is “more stringently monitoring the traffic of internet servers now to determine if there is any unusual activity.”

It has also limited employee access to so-called configuration rooms, and workers can only get near machines for repairs.

“Maybe after the elections, there will be a series of training on cyber-security,” Election Commissioner Marlon S. Casquejo told senators.

They have also bought the AES software from Smartmatic as part of the contract so that the present system could be reused in the next elections without its help.

The NBI cited the need to appoint more specialized judges to handle cyber-crime cases.

Meanwhile, Comelec was set to send the official ballots for this year’s elections to city and municipal treasurers nationwide last night, it said in a statement.

It would deploy the ballots and supplies to be used in the May 9 elections from its warehouse in Pasig City in front of media and other groups. The event would also be streamed live on Facebook, it said.

Comelec finished printing all 67.4 million ballots on April 2. Last week, it started sending local absentee ballots for members of the military, police and media who can’t vote on election day. Local absentee voting will be held on April 27 to 29.

Election Commissioner George Erwin M. Garcia earlier said they would burn defective ballots in front of journalists, representatives of political parties, candidates and members of citizen’s arms. — Alyssa Nicole O. Tan and John Victor D. Ordoñez

US affirms defense commitment to Philippines 

US DEFENSE Secretary Lloyd Austin has affirmed his country’s commitment to Philippine security at a meeting with his counterpart at the Pentagon on Tuesday, the US Defense department said in a statement. 

The agency said US commitment to Philippine security is iron-clad, adding that their Mutual Defense Treaty commitments extend to Philippine Armed Forces, public vessels and aircraft in the South China Sea. 

Mr. Austin met with Philippine Defense Secretary Delfin N. Lorenzana at the US defense headquarters in Virginia, where they affirmed the importance of ensuring peace and stability in the disputed waterway, it added. 

They agreed to strengthen their treaty commitments, enhance maritime cooperation and improve interoperability and information-sharing. 

The officials also discussed the importance of unitedly condemning Russian aggression and standing behind Ukraine. 

China claims more than 80% of the waterway based on a 1940s map that overlaps with the exclusive economic zones of Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia and the Philippines. Each year, trillions of dollars of trade flow through the sea, which is also rich in fish and gas. 

China has refused to honor a 2016 ruling by a United Nations-backed tribunal that voided its claim. — Norman P. Aquino 

TUCP files petition for P820 daily minimum wage in Central Luzon

TUCP FB PAGE

THE Trade Union Congress of the Philippines (TUCP) on Tuesday filed a petition seeking to increase the daily minimum wage in Central Luzon to P820 from P420, in line with petitions filed with other regional wage boards.

The TUCP said in a statement that the current P420 daily wage in Central Luzon is no longer sufficient to provide workers a decent living.

It said the region’s current daily wage was set almost three years ago, “when the regional wage board granted a measly P20.00 increase in 2019 which had been long dissipated by the succeeding price increases since that year.”

The TUCP said that with the rising prices of food and other essentials, the current minimum wage in the region “can only accord them and their families with nutritionally deficient survival meals.” 

“With the current minimum wage in Region III, a measly P15 per meal can be allocated per member of the family,” it said. “What kind of food can be bought for P15 nowadays?”

The TUCP said the minimum wage in Central Luzon puts earners and their families well below the poverty threshold of P16,226.00 per month The minimum wage implies monthly income of P10,920.00, or P9,570.55 when adjusted for inflation.

“Poverty incidence among families in Central Luzon is in the double digits except in Pampanga with 6.2% poverty rate,” it said, citing government data.

It said that the poverty rate was estimated at 24% in Aurora, 12.8% in Bataan, 14.9% in Bulacan, 17% in Nueva Ecija, 13.2% in Tarlac, and 22% in Zambales. — Kyle Aristophere T. Atienza

Manila Water targeting ‘smart, lean’ operations, signs Singapore tech deal

MANILA WATER Co., Inc. said it expects to exercise enhanced “cost discipline” this year as it undertakes major projects to supply its core East Zone water services business.

In a report, Manila Water President and Chief Executive Officer Jose Victor Emmanuel A. de Dios said: “We will streamline operations and rationalize operating expenses. Cost discipline will be reinforced to ensure the delivery of results through a smarter and leaner deployment of resources.”

The company’s main businesses are water services to Metro Manila’s East Zone (EZ), Non-EZ Philippines, and Non-EZ international.

The major EZ projects the company is currently undertaking are the Wawa Calawis water treatment project in Antipolo with a capacity of 80 million liters of water per day (MLD), and the 250 MLD East Bay Water Treatment Plant along Laguna de Bay.

Phase 1 of the Wawa Calawis water treatment plant is currently under construction. Its output will augment the water supply for EZ customers upon completion.

The report did not provide an estimate of capital expenditure (capex) this year. In 2021, the company allocated capex of P16.9 billion, with P13.9 billion invested in EZ operations. The bulk of the projects it pursued involved wastewater treatment capacity expansion, network reliability improvements, and tapping new water sources.

The company has 41 EZ wastewater treatment facilities. It also broke ground on the 53-kilometer (km) Mandaluyong West Sewerage System Project and the Aglipay Sewage Treatment Plant (ATP) with a 60 MLD capacity, expandable up to 120 MLD.

Non-EZ initiatives include potential projects in Central and Northern Luzon.

“We will work to improve our financial performance as well and introduce innovations that are thoughtful, swift, effective and most importantly, long-lasting to ensure the continued enhancement of shareholder value,” Mr. De Dios added.

Separately, Manila Water said it signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Enterprise Singapore (ESG) to pursue technology exchanges.

The partnership will involve water technology test deployments by Singapore companies in the East Zone as well as outside Metro Manila.

ESG is an arm of Singapore’s Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI).

It aids startups, small firms, and high-growth companies by supporting new, productivity-enhancing technologies.

Manila Water’s East Zone covers Marikina, Pasig, Taguig, Makati, San Juan, Mandaluyong, parts of Quezon City and Manila, and Rizal province. — Ram Christian S. Agustin with Luisa Maria Jacinta C. Jocson

DTI seeks more resilient pharma supply chain

THE government has promised its support to make the pharmaceutical industry more competitive while making its supply chain more resilient to disruptions like the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Trade Undersecretary Ceferino S. Rodolfo said during the first general membership meeting of the Philippine Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (PPMA) on April 8 that “by 2024, it is forecasted that the total pharmaceutical market will be valued at $4.17 billion. Philippine health expenditure is on the rise, with consumer health expenditure posting double-digit growth in the last three years with an average of 11%.”  

“The Philippine pharmaceutical market is dominated by a few key players in almost the entire value chain — from production to distribution and retail. While the Philippine pharmaceutical industry is dominated by multi-national companies (which) account for more than half the total value of sales (56.5%) — local companies are now putting up strong competition, specifically in the sale of generic drugs,” he added.  

Mr. Rodolfo pushed for the development of herbal medicine production.

“The growth of local production of herbal medicines will spur (their) development… as a robustly expanding wholesale and retail sector for herbal medicines will generate income and employment opportunities,” Mr. Rodolfo said.

The Board of Investments (BoI), of which Mr. Rodolfo is the Managing Head, is encouraging investment in research and development and supply chain development for herbal products.

“The Philippines is making significant progress in developing nature-based products. Herbal drugs for COVID-19 and dengue are being developed by the industry, while active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in herbal drug products such as lagundi and sambong, are already being produced locally,” the BoI said.  

Recently, the BoI approved the registration of Lloyd Laboratories, Inc. for a project worth P24 million as a domesic producer of Molnupiravir, an oral drug for COVID-19 patients. The production facility is located in Malolos, Bulacan and has an annual capacity of 1 million 400-milligram capsules of Molnupiravir. — Revin Mikhael D. Ochave

PHL seeking to join US-led Indo-Pacific Economic Framework 

REUTERS

THE Philippines is seeking to join the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF) organized by the US, according to the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI).

In a statement on Tuesday, the DTI said Trade Secretary Ramon M. Lopez led a Philippine trade delegation to Washington, DC in bilateral talks with US Trade Representative Katherine Tai.

Mr. Lopez expressed the Philippines’ interest in joining the initiative during the meeting.

The DTI described the IPEF as a “vehicle” for improved US economic engagement in the Indo-Pacific region, focused on trade facilitation setting, standards for the digital economy and technology, making the supply chain more resilient, pursuing initiatives in decarbonization and clean energy, infrastructure, and labor standards.  

According to the DTI, the Philippines is interested in elements of the IPEF that have to do with micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSME) promotion and development, the digital economy, supply chain resiliency, the environment, sustainability, and infrastructure investment.

Ms. Tai said during the meeting that the Philippines is welcome to join IPEF.

Meanwhile, Mr. Lopez also said the Philippines is interested in participating in the Alaskan seafood trade.

“The Philippines would be a good choice for processing… seafood from Alaska for re-export. The Philippines has extensive experience and a competitive edge in terms of processing and toll packing, as exemplified by our engagement with the European Union (EU). This may assist in boosting agricultural trade between the US and the Philippines,” Mr. Lopez said.  

The DTI said the two countries are further discussing Philippine plans to export pineapples to the US, with Mr. Lopez also noting the increased activity in the Philippines of US data center developers that cater to hyperscalers.  

“These also lead to more renewable energy capacity since renewable energy is the required source of energy for these facilities. These efforts are underway and will support building stronger trade and investment ties with the US,” Mr. Lopez said.

In 2021, the US was the Philippines’ third largest trading partner, top export market, and fifth largest import supplier, according to the DTI. Bilateral trade with the US was $19.6 billion, with the Philippines enjoying a modest trade surplus. The US was also the Philippines’ fifth largest investor that year with approved investments worth $77.64 million. — Revin Mikhael D. Ochave 

IP protections touted as key benefit of RCEP participation

REUTERS

THE PHILIPPINES stands to benefit from the intellectual property (IP) provisions of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), according to the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI).

Trade Assistant Secretary Allan B. Gepty said at a recent webinar organized by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)-Japan Center that the RCEP’s IP protections will help create a business environment that fosters competition and innovation.

“On the aspect of business, some of the benefits of a robust IP regime in the RCEP region, (include) streamlined procedures for IP applications, a level playing field in IP protection and enforcement, and a standard protection of the interests of inventors, authors and performers, particularly on digital platforms,” Mr. Gepty said.

Mr. Gepty added that a solid IP regime encourages inventiveness and creativity while balancing the rights of IP owners and the public interest.

“We have to know, if not master, the utilization of our intellectual capabilities. The IP System is a great equalizer that can facilitate the generation of value from our creativity, inventiveness, and innovativeness. Let us therefore promote, protect, and respect intellectual property,” Mr. Gepty said.  

RCEP is a trade agreement involving Australia, China, Japan, South Korea, New Zealand and the 10 members of the ASEAN. It started taking effect in many member countries on Jan. 1.  

The Philippines has yet to sign on to RCEP after the Senate failed to ratify it before adjourning on Feb. 3 for the election break. President Rodrigo R. Duterte signed the trade agreement on Sept. 2.  — Revin Mikhael D. Ochave

Napocor missionary-area power capacity 88.53 MW at end of 2021

BW FILE PHOTO

THE National Power Corp. (Napocor) said the power it generates in missionary areas rose to 88.53 megawatts (MW) at the end of 2021, from 13.66 MW in 2016.

In a report filed to Finance Secretary Carlos G. Dominguez, who also serves as the company’s chairman, Napocor said it added 321.5 circuit kilometers of transmission lines over the same period in remote, missionary areas, which are served by an arm of Napocor known as the Small Power Utilities Group (SPUG).

The starting point in 2016 was 776.03 circuit kilometers, Napocor Officer-in-Charge Melchor P. Ridulme was quoted as saying in a statement issued by the Department of Finance (DoF).

Mr. Ridulme, who is also Napocor’s Chief Operating Officer, also said the company hopes to increase the number of SPUG facilities to 296 by June from 285 at the end of 2021, servicing  240 missionary areas, from 229 at the end of 2021.

“Napocor plans to expand capacity additions in missionary areas to 106.58 megawatts and its transmission lines to 1,125.46 circuit kilometers, along with increasing substation capacity to 225 megawatts by June 2022,” Mr. Ridulme said in his report.

The number of SPUG plants operating round the clock has also increased to 82, from 41 plants in 2016, he added.

“Napocor is also active in the reforestation of watershed open areas to support sustainable hydro and geothermal plant operations in the main grids,” the DoF said in its statement.

Reforestation in watershed areas covered 4,419 hectares (has.) at the end of 2021, from 1,881 has. in 2016, Mr. Ridulme added.

Last month, Napocor sought approval from the Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) to use P335.35 million from collected universal charges for watershed rehabilitation.

Under Republic Act (RA) No. 9136, or the Electric Power Industry Reform Act (EPIRA), Napocor is responsible for providing power to areas that are not connected to the transmission system.

Electrification projects in off-grid areas are funded by their own revenue supplemented by universal charges (UC) collected from all other consumers.

The National Transmission Corp. (Transco) also reported to Mr. Dominguez that it inspected 85 assets and four projects of the National Grid Corp. of the Philippines (NGCP) to ensure compliance with Department of Energy (DoE) policies.

Transco President and CEO Jainal A. Bahjin II said, however, that most of the inspections were virtual, due to mobility restrictions in force during the pandemic. Transco resumed physical inspections starting March 22, Mr. Bahjin said.

Under Republic Act No. 9136, or the Electric Power Industry Reform Act of 2001 (EPIRA), Napocor is responsible for power generation in areas not connected to the main grid.

Mr. Bahjin said Transco validated 173 right-of-way claims and filed expropriation cases or approved right-of-way claims involving the company’s transmission lines and substations in 2021. — Tobias Jared Tomas

IPOPHL signs piracy monitoring partnership with US movie trade association

PHILIPPINE STAR/ MICHAEL VARCAS

THE Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHL) said it entered into a partnership to monitor piracy with the Motion Picture Association (MPA), the US trade group for the movie industry. 

The IPOPHL said in a statement on Tuesday that the MPA committed to support the creation of a piracy monitoring system and a rolling site-blocking regime that will disrupt accessibility to piracy sites.

It said the memorandum of understanding (MoU) was signed on April 12 to finalize the partnership.

“This newest partnership with MPA elevates IPOPHL’s whole-of-society efforts in fostering a digital environment that respects intellectual property (IP) rights,” IPOPHL Director General Rowel S. Barba said.

Mr. Barba said the pandemic worsened digital privacy, leading to billions in lost revenue for legitimate content providers.

According to IPOPHL, the MOU allows for information-sharing to reduce digital piracy in the Philippines.

“The MPA also commits to conduct training on various piracy prevention measures. The group will also provide reasonable assistance to help IPOPHL and other relevant agencies effectively implement rolling site blocking and take down,” IPOPHL said.  

Jan van Voorn, MPA executive vice-president of global content protection, said piracy remained rampant in the Philippines, with a negative impact on job creation and the overall economy.

“A site blocking framework, which incorporates transparency and due process, can be incredibly effective at reducing levels of online piracy in key markets like the Philippines,” Mr. Van Voorn said.  Revin Mikhael D. Ochave

ARTA sees e-complaints management system clearing case backlog

THE ANTI-Red Tape Authority (ARTA) said a new complaints management system (CSM) known as e-ARTA will help clear the case backlog for persons reporting delayed government transactions.

ARTA Director General Jeremiah B. Belgica said at a briefing Tuesday that the CMS will reduce the number of complaints that are not addressed.

“Through this system, (the backlogs) will be reduced since the government agencies will immediately act on the complaints and applications. They would be called upon not only by the public, but also by ARTA. Their answers to ARTA could be almost real-time. When the concern enters the system, they will be able to answer via online. There will also be an opportunity for them to revisit their systems and processes that actually could be causing the delays,” he added.

The e-ARTA CMS was officially launched Tuesday. It features a fully automated referral system which will be piloted between April 19 and May 19, according to ARTA Memorandum Circular No. 2022-03, Series of 2022.

The pilot project will involve the committees on anti-red tape (CART) of the Bureau of Internal Revenue, Social Security System, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Food and Drug Administration, Department of Agrarian Reform, Land Transportation Franchise and Regulatory Board, Land Registration Authority, Bureau of Customs, Home Development Mutual Fund, Department of Public Works and Highways, and local government units in the National Capital Region. — Revin Mikhael D. Ochave 

Sta. Romana, PHL ambassador to China and veteran journalist, 74 

THE LATE Philippine Ambassador to China Jose Santiago “Chito” Sta. Romana talks about Philippine products at the China International Import Expo in Shanghai in Nov. 2021. — AMBASSADOR STA ROMANA FACEBOOK PAGE

JOSE Santiago ChitoSta. Romana, Philippine ambassador to China and previously a Beijing-based broadcast journalist for over 30 years, passed away on April 19, the Department of Foreign Affairs announced.  

He was 74.   

The Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) offers its sincere condolences to the family and loved ones of Ambassador Chito, to our nation for its great loss,the department said in a statement.  

Mr. Sta. Romana was appointed envoy to China in Dec. 2016 by President Rodrigo R. Duterte, who pursued a foreign policy of friendly ties with China amid growing maritime tensions over the South China Sea dispute.   

He was chosen for the Beijing post in recognition of his deep knowledge of Chinas history and people,DFA said. We honor his important legacy of selfless service to the Filipino in the most challenging foreign post.”   

In a 2011 email interview with UCLA language students posted on the www.liwanagatdilim.cdh.ucla.edu website, when he had just retired as a journalist and was recently back in the Philippines, he talked about seeing Chinas growth as an economic power.  

The Philippines can learn a lot from the experiences of China in terms of development of economyThis includes the effort to solve the problem of poverty through appropriate policies. This problem will not be solved if we don’t focus on the progress of the economy to be able to give the poor a chance to be able to better their situations,Mr. Sta. Romana said.  

Chinas Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Wang Wenbin said in a statement, After assuming the post of the Philippine Ambassador to China in 2017, he worked actively and industriously, making important contributions to promoting bilateral relations and friendship between our two peoples.”    

Chinese Ambassador to the Philippines Huang Xilian, in a Facebook post on Tuesday, also extended his condolences to the ambassadors family and friends.  

China-Philippine relations have been strengthened and indeed flourished under his distinguished tenure as the Philippine Ambassador to China,said Mr. Huang. I greatly value our time working together and will always be grateful for his friendship and undeniable contribution to the development of China-Philippines relations.Alyssa Nicole O. Tan