SOCIAL media companies YouTube, TikTok and Snap sought to distance themselves from rival Facebook, Inc. on Tuesday as lawmakers pressed for legislation to codify privacy protections for kids and teens on their platforms.

The executives appeared at a Senate committee hearing a day after a consortium of 17 news outlets, including Bloomberg, published dozens of articles based on troves of leaked Facebook data that detailed how the company prioritized profits over the safety of users — particularly teenagers — on its products.

The Senate Commerce Committee’s consumer protection panel, led by Connecticut Democrat Richard Blumenthal and Tennessee Republican Marsha Blackburn, examined efforts by Alphabet, Inc.’s YouTube, ByteDance Ltd’s TikTok and Snap, Inc. to protect the privacy of children and teenagers online.

Mr. Blumenthal said that there’s bipartisan urgency to move forward with legislation on regulating these companies.

“Whether it’s Facebook or your companies, in various ways I think you have shown that we can’t trust big tech to police itself,” he said.

Mr. Blumenthal dismissed the current company policies that the executives said protect young people and teens, saying “there’s no way to hold you accountable under current law.”

He said tech companies should not be relying on parents to protect their children’s privacy on their platforms, the features need to be built in.

“Being different from Facebook is not a defense. What we want is not a race to the bottom, but really a race to the top,” Mr. Blumenthal said.

The witnesses included Michael Beckerman, TikTok’s vice-president and head of public policy for the Americas, Jennifer Stout, Snap’s president of global public policy, and Leslie Miller, YouTube’s vice-president of government affairs and public policy.

EMPHASIS ON SAFETY
Mr. Blumenthal and Ms. Blackburn’s subcommittee previously heard from Facebook whistle-blower Frances Haugen, the former product manager who leaked documents to the committee and the US Securities and Exchange Commission. Ms. Haugen highlighted how Facebook’s engagement-based algorithms lead harmful content to become viral on the platform. She said these algorithms particularly affect teenage girls who already have negative views of their bodies.

The three social media companies attempted to set themselves apart from Facebook in their approach to online safety. The hearing marked TikTok and Snap’s first appearance before Congress.

Last week, Mr. Blumenthal separately invited Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg to testify before the subcommittee in a future hearing.

Snap emphasized that one of its strongest privacy protections is that it only allows users ages 13 and up, and has no plans to market to kids under 13. The registration process fails for individuals under the age of 13 that attempt to sign up.

“We make no effort — and have no plans — to market to children,” Ms. Stout told the committee. “We want Snapchatters to be connected to the people they’re connected to in real life” she added, differentiating the platform from Facebook.

Ms. Stout said that regulation alone won’t solve the challenges surrounding privacy online. “Technology companies must take responsibility and actively protect the communities they serve,” she said.

TikTok highlighted specific actions it’s taken to protect children’s safety in recent years, including disabling the direct messaging feature for users under age 16. The company also disabled all users from sending certain videos, photos and website links, and only videos that have been approved through content moderation are allowed.

According to Mr. Beckerman’s testimony, TikTok has removed 11 million suspected underage accounts from April to June 2021. But the company acknowledged the challenges it faces.

“We do know trust must be earned, and we’re seeking to earn trust through a higher level of action, transparency and accountability, as well as the humility to learn and improve” Mr. Beckerman said.

Ms. Blackburn raised concerns about data collected by TikTok and whether it’s shared with the Chinese government, where parent company ByteDance is based. She said that despite vague assurances, TikTok “has not alleviated my concerns in the slightest.” 

TikTok said it stores its data outside of China, including in Singapore and the US. “We do not share information with the Chinese government,” Mr. Beckerman said at the hearing.

YouTube’s Ms. Miller told the panel that YouTube Kids, created in 2015, provides parents with tools to control and customize the app for children. Ms. Miller said that kids under 13 who aren’t in a parental “supervised experience” are not allowed on YouTube. They don’t allow personalized advertisements on YouTube Kids or the “supervised experience.” 

Ms. Miller said the company has removed nearly 1.8 million videos from April to June 2021 for violations of the company’s child safety policies.  

EFFORTS TO LEGISLATE
Mr. Blumenthal asked if the three social media platforms would support his legislation — known as the EARN IT Act — which would make tech companies liable for child sexual abuse material on their platforms. The Senate Judiciary Committee unanimously advanced the measure last Congress, and Mr. Blumenthal said he plans to reintroduce it in the coming weeks.

All three platforms said they supported the intentions and goals of the proposed legislation, but didn’t go as far as saying they support the measure.

“This is the talk that we’ve seen again, and again and again, that you support the goal. That’s meaningless unless you support the legislation,” Mr. Blumenthal said. “I ask that each and every one of you support the EARN IT Act.”

Mr. Blumenthal and Massachusetts Democrat Ed Markey asked the companies if they supported updating the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act, which was enacted in 1998, years before the launch of the social media companies. The law currently restricts collection of personal information of children under age 13. The legislation would expand the protections to age 16. The bill has bipartisan support from Republican Senators Bill Cassidy of Louisiana and Cynthia Lummis of Wyoming.

TikTok’s Mr. Beckerman said he supports reforming COPPA, but said Congress should go further in setting uniform age verification standards for all platforms to follow.

Mr. Markey also discussed his legislation to prohibit certain manipulative marketing practices geared toward online users under the age of 16, including banning auto-play features and algorithms that amplify violent and dangerous content. That bill has no Republican cosponsors to date. — Bloomberg

ADOBE, Inc. Chief Executive Officer Shantanu Narayen sees tools that foster teamwork and products that take advantage of trends in the digital world such as non-fungible tokens (NFT) and virtual reality as the next wave of growth for his company that dominates creative design software.

The company will release test versions of two products that let people work together: Creative Cloud Spaces, which provides a place for teammates to organize files, libraries and links, and Creative Cloud Canvas, which lets people display their design work to review with others who are part of the project. Adobe will also test web versions of Photoshop and Illustrator, which it hopes will let multiple people work more easily on projects using that popular software. While collaboration tools have been commonplace for other types of software like word processing and spreadsheets, it has been more difficult to make sharing massive, detailed digital images and videos elegant and easy, said Adobe Chief Product Officer Scott Belsky.

“The number of stakeholders that exist in the creative process — whether you’re an agency or a marketer or a design professional or an executive who needs to approve a particular campaign — the skill set associated with the multiple people collaborating, it is different,” Mr. Narayen said in an interview ahead of the company’s MAX products conference on Tuesday. “If you’re working on a spreadsheet or working on a Word document, it’s probably a more sort of normalized set of skill sets.”

Emerging areas such as creating three-dimensional objects for the metaverse, augmented reality and virtual reality, and technology to make sure NFTs and news videos are authentic, will expand the market for Adobe’s products, Mr. Narayen said. New mobile phones with multiple cameras that can take high-quality images are also fueling demand, he said. 

“New media types are coming,” he said. “The secular trends associated with the number of people who want to create, the new devices on which people are going to create, the dramatic advances in computing power — those are all tailwinds that will be growth drivers for us.”

As the maker of the most popular types of creative tools, Adobe has a lock on the market, but must find ways to grow in order to justify a stock price that has more than doubled in each of the past two years, expanding the company’s price-to-earnings multiple, said Bloomberg Intelligence analyst Anurag Rana. Shares have jumped about 30% thus far in 2021.

“Adobe’s Creative Cloud has a formidable position in the market and has grown over 20% for the past four quarters,” Mr. Rana said. “The depth and breadth of this product suite makes it the de-facto choice for creators. However, it is going to be hard for Creative Cloud to continue to grow at the same pace over the next 12 months, as comparisons get tougher, and it becomes harder to find new users.”

Two years ago, Adobe began an alliance with other tech companies and content providers to combat things like deepfakes by providing technology to verify content authenticity. The company on Tuesday unveiled features called Content Credentials, which will let users assess where digital content came from originally and who created it. The tools will be available to test for millions of existing Adobe Creative Cloud customers. Demand for NFTs and for verifying that commercial products are legitimate will probably be the first drivers that push adoption of the technology, Mr. Narayen said.

“If you’re buying a piece of great content and it was designed by (Adobe Vice-President) Stacy Martinet,” he said in the interview in a nod to his colleague. “You want to make sure that it’s actually designed by Stacy rather than anybody else,” he said.

Adobe is also working on new 3-D products to be the future design tool provider for the metaverse, an idea championed by companies such as Facebook, Inc. and Adobe partner Microsoft Corp. that people will live, work and exercise inside a virtual universe.

Mr. Belsky is scheduled at Tuesday’s conference to talk about Adobe’s Substance 3D collection, which lets designers do things like sculpt a 3-D object from scratch, as well as start with materials and textures the company has created. In order for these new virtual technologies to take off, they need great content and it’s up to Adobe to make it easier to design, Mr. Narayen said.

“The reason why you haven’t seen more AR or VR content is because it’s hard to author, but we’re making strides on that,” he said. — Bloomberg