The imperatives of sustainable tourism in the Philippines

Sustainable tourism is an approach to travel that prioritizes environmental, social, and economic considerations to ensure that tourism activities can endure over time without compromising the well-being of future generations.

In the Philippines, a country known for its stunning natural beauty and diverse cultural heritage, the implementation of sustainable tourism practices becomes crucial. This is especially true given the role of tourism in the country’s economic growth.

The Philippine Department of Tourism (DoT) recently expressed optimism about the country’s prospects for more tourism dollars after the country surpassed its 2023 target in tourist arrivals. Based on official records, the previous year closed with a total of 5,450,557 international visitors to the Philippines, which is 650,000 higher than the original target of 4.8 million. According to the DoT, 91.8% of the visitors were foreign nationals mostly coming from South Korea (26.41%), the United States (16.57%), Japan (5.61%), Australia (4.89%), and China (4.84%).

As the country welcomes more international visitors, coupled with the resurgence of local tourism, it has become imperative for the government to balance its drive to generate tourism proceeds with more sustainable practices in tourism.

One of the primary advantages of sustainable tourism is the preservation of natural resources. In the Philippines, destinations like Palawan have embraced eco-friendly practices to protect their pristine beaches and coral reefs. The local government has implemented strict regulations on waste management and enforced responsible tourism guidelines to safeguard these delicate ecosystems. Sustainable tourism also plays a pivotal role in preserving the rich cultural heritage of the Philippines. In places like Batanes, efforts have been made to promote community-based tourism, allowing visitors to experience the local way of life while contributing to the economic development of these communities. This approach helps in maintaining traditional practices and ensures that cultural heritage is not lost in the wake of tourism.

Sustainable tourism creates economic opportunities for local communities. By engaging in community-based tourism initiatives, the Philippines has seen the rise of homestays, locally run tour operations, and handicraft businesses. This economic diversification reduces dependency on a single industry, making these communities more resilient to economic fluctuations.

But sustainable tourism comes with its own challenges. Despite efforts to promote sustainable tourism, some popular destinations in the Philippines still face the threat of over-tourism. Boracay, for instance, struggled with environmental degradation and overcrowding, leading to a temporary closure for rehabilitation. Managing visitor numbers and ensuring carrying capacity are critical challenges in sustaining these destinations. Insufficient infrastructure can hinder the implementation of sustainable tourism practices. Many remote areas in the Philippines lack proper waste management systems, water treatment facilities, and transportation networks. The absence of these crucial elements can strain local ecosystems and compromise the overall sustainability of tourism in these regions.

The commercialization of culture is yet another challenge associated with tourism in the Philippines. In some cases, traditional practices and cultural events are modified to cater to tourist expectations, leading to a loss of authenticity. Striking a balance between sharing cultural heritage with visitors and preserving it in its true form remains a significant challenge.

Sustainable tourism in the Philippines presents a dual reality of both successes and challenges. While initiatives in destinations like Palawan and Batanes demonstrate the positive impacts of responsible tourism, challenges such as over-tourism, inadequate infrastructure, and cultural commodification persist. The key lies in continuous collaboration between the government, local communities, and tourists to strike a balance that ensures the longevity of the tourism industry while safeguarding the natural and cultural treasures of the Philippines. Only through such collective efforts can the archipelago achieve a sustainable and resilient tourism sector that benefits both present and future generations.

There are, however, success stories in nearby countries that we can emulate in implementing serious sustainable tourism initiatives. Bali, Indonesia’s success in sustainable tourism lies in its commitment to preserving its natural beauty. The island has implemented waste management programs, enforced regulations on water use, and encouraged eco-friendly accommodations. The Philippines can draw inspiration from Bali’s integrated approach to sustainability, considering similar measures to protect its own natural wonders. Chiang Mai’, Thailand’ success in community-based tourism, demonstrates the potential for empowering local communities. By engaging with visitors in a way that respects traditions and fosters economic growth, the Philippines can replicate this model where cultural preservation and community involvement are crucial.

We should be able to learn also from Malaysia, whose commitment to ecotourism is evident in projects like the Royal Belum Rainforest. This initiative focuses on biodiversity conservation while offering sustainable tourism experiences. The Philippines can develop and protect its own biodiversity hotspots, such as the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park, through ecotourism initiatives that contribute to both conservation and local economies.

Another role model is Vietnam, whose success in community-based tourism in Sapa demonstrates the power of involving local communities. The Vietnamese government, along with NGOs, has facilitated homestays and cultural experiences, providing economic opportunities for residents while preserving traditions.

Lastly, we should be able to learn as well from Singapore which has embraced sustainable tourism through projects like Gardens by the Bay. The incorporation of green spaces and sustainable architecture showcases the city-state’s commitment to balance urban development with environmental responsibility. The Philippines can adopt similar practices in its urban tourism hubs like Manila.

As we continue to learn from best practices, the country should also strengthen and promote initiatives that will further bolster our sustainable tourism campaigns. For one, the foundation for sustainable tourism in the Philippines lies in a robust policy framework and effective regulation. The government can establish and enforce policies that promote responsible tourism, including regulations on waste management, carrying capacities for popular destinations, and incentives for businesses adopting sustainable practices. Engaging local communities remains paramount for the success of sustainable tourism. The government can facilitate community-based tourism initiatives, encouraging the active participation of locals in decision-making processes. This involvement ensures that communities become stakeholders in the industry, fostering a sense of responsibility.

Another area of focus requires the provision of appropriate infrastructure to support environmental and cultural preservation. The government can invest in eco-friendly infrastructure, including renewable energy sources, and sustainable transportation options. This not only enhances the visitor experience but also minimizes the impact on local ecosystems.

Ultimately, two major areas of concentration matter: collaboration and massive education of all stakeholders. Collaboration between the government, the private sector, and local communities is crucial. The government can foster partnerships with businesses, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and international bodies to pool resources and expertise. Such collaboration ensures a holistic approach to sustainable tourism, addressing diverse challenges with collective solutions. On the other hand, educating both tourists and local communities about sustainable practices is essential. The government can implement awareness campaigns highlighting the importance of responsible tourism, sustainable resource use, and cultural preservation. Tourists, armed with knowledge, can make more informed choices, contributing to the sustainability of the industry.

As the Philippines continues to grapple with the challenges posed by its growing tourism industry, embracing sustainable practices becomes not only a choice but a necessity. The future of sustainable tourism in the Philippines requires a concerted effort from the government, businesses, and local communities. Drawing inspiration from successful initiatives in Southeast Asia, the Philippines has an opportunity to redefine its approach to tourism. Through the adoption of responsible practices, community empowerment, and a commitment to preserving both natural and cultural assets, the nation can pave the way for a sustainable tourism industry that benefits not only the economy but also the environment and local communities. The time to act is now, and by doing so, the Philippines can chart a course towards a future where tourism is a force for positive change rather than a threat to its own treasures.

Ron F. Jabal, DBA, APR, is the chairman and CEO of PAGEONE Group (www.pageonegroup.ph) and founder of Advocacy Partners Asia (www.advocacy.ph).